Achieved question

Question 1

what substance will oxidise a secondary alcohol?

Answer 1

Acidified potassium permangante or acidified potassium dichromate

Question 2

what is the colour of potassium permangante

Answer 2

purple

Question 3

what is a chiral carbon?

Answer 3

a carbon atom bonded to 4 different groups or atoms

Question 4

give 4 characteristics of optical isomers

Answer 4

1. They rotate the plane of polarised light the same amount in different directions
2. They react differently with other optical isomers
3. They are mirror images of each other
4. They have the same physical and chemical properties

Question 5

Name the 3 compounds that can be used to distinguish an aldehyde from a primary or secondary alcohol?
Why can they be used?

Answer 5

Fehlings,Benedicts and Tollens reagents

They can be used because they are weak oxidising agents only strong enough to oxidise an aldehyde and not alcohols

Question 6

When Tollens oxidises an aldehyde what do you see?

Answer 6

A silver mirror

Question 7

What organic product is formed when a benedicts oxidises ethanal?

Answer 7

ethanoic acid

Question 8

butanal can be reduced to butan-1-ol by what compound?

Answer 8

sodium borohydride

Question 9

How would you collect an aldehyde when oxidising a primary alcohol?

Answer 9

use a distillation appartus

Question 10

How could you determine an alcohol from an amine and what would you observe?

Answer 10

put red litmus paper in both solutions. The litmus in the alcohol will stay red where the amine will turn it blue

Question 11

Name the ester made from ethanol and propanoic acid

Answer 11

ethylpropanoate

Question 12

What conditions are required to make an ester from an alcohol and carboxylic acid?

Answer 12

concentrated sulfuric acid and heat

Question 13

How can you make an amine from a haloalkane?

Answer 13

Add alcoholic ammonia

Question 14

To hydrolyse (break apart) an ester you can use 2 different conditions - what are they?

Answer 14

Acidic or basic conditions

Question 15

Hydrolysing an ester in acid condtions forms what 2 products?

Answer 15

an alcohol and carboxylic acid

Question 16

Hydrolysing an ester in basic conditions (eg in NaOH) forms what 2 products?

Answer 16

an alcohol and the salt of the carboxylic acid

Question 17

if you add NaOH to propanoic acid you form?

Answer 17

sodium propanoate (the salt of the carboxylic acid)

Question 18

What are the properties of an ester?

Answer 18

1. Esters are non polar and will form a layer with water

2. They often smell sweet

Question 19

When you add ethanoic acid to propan-1-ol (in the prescence of concentrated sulfuic acid) you form what 2 products?

Answer 19

propylethanoate and water

Question 20

fats or oils are often called triesters - why?

Answer 20

Because they have 3 ester groups

Question 21

When you hydrolyse a fat (or oil) in NaOH what do you get?

Answer 21

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid salt molecules (ie 3 soap molecules)

Question 22

When you hydrolyse a fat (or oil) in HCl what do you ger?

Answer 22

Glycerol and 3 long chained carboxylic acid (called fatty acids)

Question 23

all amino acids have what 2 groups?

Answer 23

an amine and carboxylic acid group

Question 24

to make an alkene from a haloalkane you would use

Answer 24

alcoholic NaOH

Question 25

to make an alkene from an alcohol you would add?

Answer 25

concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 26

when a peptide bond forms between 2 amino acids what two groups react?

Answer 26

The amine and carboxylic acid groups

Question 27

when a peptide bond forms between 2 amino acids what other molecule is formed apart from the organic product?

Answer 27

water

Question 28

if heat is required for a reaction to occur what laboratory equipment can be used ?

Answer 28

reflux

Question 29

if a reaction occurs and one of the products with a lower boiling point is wanted to be collected - what glassare would you use?

Answer 29

distillation

Question 30

polymers can exist as 2 types - what are they?

Answer 30

addition polymers

condensation polymers

Question 31

When 1,6-diaminohexane and 1,6-hexandioc acid are reacted what is the common name of the organic product?
What is the other product formed?

Answer 31

nylon 6,6

water is the other product

Question 32

what 2 types of compounds are used to make a polyester?

Answer 32

a dicarboxylic acid (or diacylchloride) and diol

Question 33

what is the linking bond called when 2 amino acids are reacted?

Answer 33

peptide bond

Question 34

when an amino acid reacts with itself what weird ion forms?

Answer 34

zitterion (the COOH group reacts with the NH2 group)

Question 35

petanoyl chloride can be made by reacting a pentanoic acid with…..

Answer 35

SOCl2 (thionyl chloride)

Question 36

pentan-2-ol is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid,what major product is formed?
what is the minor product?

Answer 36

pent-2-ene (major)

pent-1-ene (minor)

Question 37

How do you change an alcohol to an amine?

hint you need 2 steps

Answer 37

step 1 - react the alcohol with thioynyl chloride to form the haloalkane
step 2- react the haloalkane with alcoholic ammonia to form the amine

Question 38

propan-2-ol reacted with H+/Cr2O72- forms what compound?

what is the colour change?

Answer 38

propanone

orange to green

Question 39

butanoyl chloride reacts in water to form what 2 compounds?

Answer 39

butanoic acid

HCl

Question 40

If butanoyl chloride is reacted with pentan-1-ol name the two compounds produced.

Answer 40

pentylbutanoate

HCl

Question 41

When making an ester from an alcohol and an acyl chloride what is NOT required compared to the reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol

Answer 41

concentrated sulfuric acid