ACE inhibitors and Beta Blockers

Question 1

Beta blockers

Answer 1

Beta blockers are part of a group of drugs known as sympathetic nervous system antagonists.

Question 2

BB Patho

Answer 2

The primary function of these BBs is to block B1receptor mediated vasoconstriction and decrease heart rate.

They also increase blood flow to the kidneys which results in a decrease in the release of renin.

Use the lock and key mechanism by blocking the adrenalin receptors that will compete with adrenaline to attach to them which effectively reduces the BP

Question 3

BB uses

Answer 3

Hypertension
Heart failure
Anxiety
Angina
Arrhythmias
thyotoxicosis

Question 4

Cautions and contradictions

Answer 4

Cautions:
1)Diabetics
Sympathetically mediated reductions in blood glucose may aggravate symptomology
2)Asthmatics
The bronchospasm effect of beta blockers may aggravate symptomology

Contraindications:
1) Printzmetals angina
2) Uncontrolled heart failure
3) Bad Hypotension and marked bradycardia
4) Sick sinus syndrome-2nd or 3rd AV block

Question 5

BB side effects

Answer 5

Nausea
Diahorrea
Bronchospasm
Dizziness
Dysponea
Orthostatic hypotension (getting up too quickly)
Fatigue
Cold extremities/ exacerbation of raynauds
Heart failure!

Question 6

ACE inhibitors

Answer 6

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are medications that help relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure.

Question 7

ACE Patho

Answer 7

ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 in the lungs

As angiotensin 2 is a powerful vasoconstrictor this drugs stop the renin-angiotensin system

This prevents vasoconstriction (which aggravates hypertension)

Stops ACE 1 from being converted to ACE 2 and ACE 1 can’t affect the medullary cortex to produce adrenaline and increase blood pressure so the blood pressure decreases

Question 8

ACE Uses

Answer 8

Heart failure
Hypertension
Diabetic nephropathy
Prophylaxis of cardiovascular events

Question 9

ACE Cautions and contraindications

Answer 9

Cautions:
1) Hyperkalemia (medicine causes increase of calcium in the blood)
2) Breast feeding (can cross the placenta and affect its system)
3) Hypersensitivity reactions
4) Concomitant diuretics

Contrindications:
1) Hepatic impairment
2) Renal impairment
3) Pregnancy—unless essential

Question 10

ACE side effects

Answer 10

Renal problems
Persistent dry cough
Nausea
Vomiting
Diahorrea
Constipation
Headache
Fatique