ACE inhibitors

Question 1

Examples of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 1

ramipril
lisonpril
perindopril

Question 2

When to use ACE inhibitors?

Answer 2

1st line HTN, CHF,
2nd line - prevention of CV events in IHD, PVD

Question 3

How do ACE inhibitors work?

Answer 3

inhibits ACE
reduces angiotensin I into angiotensin II conversion

Question 4

What does angiotensin II do?

Answer 4

vasoconstrictor
stimulates aldosterone secretion (promotes water and Na+ secretion)

dilates efferent glomerular arteriole, reduces intraglomerular pressure and slows CKD

Question 5

Side effects of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 5

common - hypotension
hyperkalaemia (less aldosterone level promotes K+ retention)

Cause or worsen renal failure

Dry cough - ARB as alternative

Question 6

Contraindications for ACE inibitors?

Answer 6

renal artery stenosis
AKI
teratogenic and breastfeeding

Question 7

Interactions with ACE inhibitors?

Answer 7

avoid with other K elevating drugs
NSAID and ACE increases nephrotoxicity risk

Question 8

How to monitor ACE inhibitors?

Answer 8

efficacy clinically
Us and Es for renal function