ACE exam prep Flashcards
which of the following aptitudes related to health improvement invovles creating a sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness to life?
a. the ability to enjoy
b. the ability to choose
c. the ability to keep developing
d. the ability to see meaning
the ability to keep developing
explain how stimulus control can be utilized to promote healthier lifestyle choices
a. by encouraging clients to ignore their triggers completely
b. by helping clients recognize their triggers and find healthier alternatives
c. by focusing solely on nutrition without considering triggers
d. by emphasizing the importance of willpower over environmental factors
by helping clients recognize their triggers and find healthier alternatives
What is the primary cause of arterial inflammation that leads to atherosclerosis?
a. high levels of HDL cholesterol
b. excess LDL cholesterol
c. low physical activity
d. high blood pressure
excess LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol)
Explain why total distance or time is considered more important than speed in the context of physical activity.
a. because it allows for better tracking of progress
b. because it directly correlates with energy expenditure
c. because it is easier to measure
d. because it motivates clients to push harder
because it directly correlates with energy expenditure
What is one key benefit of establishing a supportive environment in health coaching?
a. it increases the coach’s authority over the client
b. it encourages clients to share their thoughts without fear of judgement
c. it allows coaches to dictate the terms of the coaching process
d. it minimizes the need for collaboration with other health professionals.
it encourages clients to share their thoughts without fear of judgement
What percentage of body weight reduction is considered a realistic weight loss goal for clients?
a. 1-3%
b. 5-10%
c. 10-15%
d. 15-20%
5-10%
Explain why nutrient-dense foods are considered important for maintaining health.
a. they help in weight gain due to their high calorie content
b. they provide essential nutrients that support bodily functions and help prevent chronic diseases
c. they are easy to prepare and require minimal cooking
d. they are often more expensive than other food options
they provide essential nutrients that support bodily functions and help prevent chronic diseases
If a person consumes a diet of 2,000 calories per day, what is the maximum amount of calories they should derive from added sugars according to the recommended guidelines?
a. 100 cal
b. 200 cal
c. 300 cal
d. 400 cal
200 cal
Why is it important to decrease saturated fat to 5-6% of calories for individuals with dyslipidemia?
a. it helps to increase cholesterol levels
b. it aids in reducing overall calorie intake
c. it contributes to lowering LDL cholesterol levels
d. it has no significant impact on health
it contributes to lowering LDL cholesterol levels
Explain how evidence-based practices can influence the effectiveness of health coaching interventions.
a. they ensure that interventions are based on the latest research and proven outcomes
b. they allow coaches to use their intuition when working with clients
c. the focus solely on client preferences without considering scientific data
d. they limit the coach’s ability to adapt strategies to individual client needs.
they ensure that interventions are based on the latest research and proven outcomes
What is the primary purpose of self-monitoring in the context of health behavior change?
a. to track physical activity levels
b. to identify triggers and replace them with reminders for healthy behavior
c. to set long-term health goals
d. to evaluate the effectiveness of a diet plan
to identify triggers and replace them with reminders for healthy behavior
A health coach is working with a client who wants to lose weight. Using the SMART criteria, which of the following goals would be the most effective for the client?
a. I want to lose weight
b. I will lose 10 lbs in the next 3 months by exercising 4 times a week and following a balanced diet
c. I will try to eat healthier
d. I want to be fit and healthy
I will lose 10 lbs in the next 3 months by exercising 4 times a week and following a balanced diet
What is one key reason why health coaches need to understand client motivations?
a. it allows coaches to set their own goals
b. it helps in developing generic coaching strategies
c. it enables the customization of coaching strategies to fit clients’ personal goals
d. it reduces the need for communication with clients
it enables the customization of coaching strategies to fit clients’ personal goals
what is the main objective of an ACE health coach when working with clients
a. to provide medical diagnoses and treatments
b. to assist clients in achieving self-directed, sustainable health changes
c. to create strict diet plans for clients
d. to evaluate clients’ physical fitness levels
it enables the customization of coaching strategies to fit clients’ personal goals
Explain why it is important to know the percentage of calories from fat in a food item for health coaching.
a. it helps in determing the overall calorie content of the food
b. it allows coaches to assess the nutritional balance of a diet
c. it is necessary for calculating the total fat intake for a week
d. it provides insight into the food’s protein content
it allows coaches to assess the nutritional balance of a diet
What is the maximum amount of sodium that is advised for daily consumption according to health guidelines?
a. 1,500 mg
b. 2,300 mg
c. 3,000 mg
d. 2,000 mg
2,300 mg
How does allostatic load impact an individual’s overall health?
a. it enhances the body’s resilience to stress
b. it leads to improved mental clarity and focus
c. it contributes to various health issues due to prolonged stress exposure
d. it has no significant effect on physical health
it contributes to various health issues due to prolonged stress exposure
Explain the significance of the waist-to-hip ratio in health assessments.
a. it measures overall body weight
b. it indicates the distribution of body fat and potential health risks
c. it assesses muscle mass compared to fat
d. it determines the ideal body weight for individuals
it indicates the distribution of body fat and potential health risks
What is defined as the ability to understand food choices and dietary information in the context of health coaching?
a. nutritional awareness
b. dietary comprehension
c. nutrition literacy
d. food education
nutrition literacy
What is the minimum amount of moderate-intensity activity per week that
defines an ‘active’ physical activity level?
75 minutes
150 minutes
300 minutes
450 minutes
150 min
Which component of the OARS communication technique involves asking
questions that cannot be answered with a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’?
Affirmations
Open-ended questions
Reflective listening
Summarizing
open-ended quesitons
A health coach is working with a client who feels pressured to lose weight
due to societal expectations. Which type of motivation is primarily
influencing the client’s behavior, and how might the coach help shift this
motivation to promote more sustainable behavior change?
The client is experiencing External regulation; the coach should
help the client identify personal health goals.
The client is experiencing Intrinsic regulation; the coach should
reinforce external rewards.
The client is experiencing Integrated regulation; the coach should
focus on social acceptance.
The client is experiencing Identified regulation; the coach should
emphasize the importance of external validation.
the client is experiencing external regulation; the coach should help the client identify personal health goals
explain how monitoring behavioral change can impact a health coach’s
approach to client management.
It allows the coach to ignore client feedback and stick to the original
plan.
It enables the coach to understand client needs better and tailor
interventions accordingly.
It focuses solely on the physical aspects of health without
considering emotional factors.
It encourages the coach to prioritize their own goals over the client’s
objectives.
it enables the coach to understand client needs better and tailor interventions accordingly
how does motivational interviewing facilitate behavior change in clients according to the coaching guidelines
a. by imposing strict guidelines for health behaviors
b. by encouraging clients to identify their own reasons for change and addressing their uncertainties
c. by providing clients with a list of dos and don’ts regarding health
d. by focusing solely on the coach’s expertise in health topics
by encouraging clients to identify their own reasons for change and addressing their uncertainties
What is the typical range of caloric deficit recommended for achieving
weight loss of 1-2 pounds per week?
a. 250 to 500 cal
b. 500 to 1,000 cal
c. 1,000 to 1,500 cal
d. 1,500 to 2,000 cal
500 to 1,000 cal
Which three basic psychological needs are central to Self-Determination
Theory as discussed in the context of health coaching?
a. autonomy, competence, and relatedness
b. independence, skillfulness, and connection
c. freedom, mastery, and belonging
d. self-sufficiency, ability and affiliation
autonomy, competence, and relatedness
what is the recommened LDL level for diagnosing dyslipidemia
a. <100
b. ≥ 130
c. ≥ 160
d. ≤ 200
≥ 130
what is the main goal of motivational interviewing as described in health coaching
a. to provide nutritional advice to clients
c. to assist clients in overcoming ambivalence towards health behavior change
c. to evaluate the effectiveness of health programs
d. to develop exercise plans for clients
to assist clients in overcoming ambivalence towards health behavior change
how does motivational interviewing facilitate behavior change in clients according to the principles of health coaching
a. by imposing strict guidelines on health behaviors
b. by exploring and resolving client ambicalence regarding their motivations and barriers
c. by providing a one-size-fits-all solution to health issues
d. by focusing solely on physical activity without considering nutrition
by exploring and resolving client ambicalence regarding their motivations and barriers
what percentage of total calories is recommended for limiting added sugars in a diet
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 20%
10%
which of the following is NOT a key aspect of establishing professional boundaries in coaching
a. sharing personal contact information with clients
b. establishing clear physical boundaries
c. avoiding dual relationships
d. maintaining confidentiality
sharing personal contact information with clients
what is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes
a. insulin resistance
b. insulin deficiency due to immune system attack
c. obesity
d. genetic presisposition
insulin deficiency due to immune system attack
what is the primary objective of moticational interviewing as described in coaching
a. to provide direct advice to clients on helath behaviors
b. to evoke motication to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence in clients
c. to assess clients’ physical fitness levels
d. to create a structured exercise plan for clients
to evoke motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence in clients
How does fostering client autonomy contribute to the coaching
relationship?
a.It creates a power imbalance between the coach and the client.
b. It enhances trust and collaboration in the coaching process.
c. It limits the client’s ability to express their concerns.
d. It focuses solely on the coach’s expertise.
It enhances trust and collaboration in the coaching process.
What is one primary benefit of setting achievable goals for clients in health
coaching?
It allows coaches to take control of the client’s health decisions.
It helps clients monitor success and motivates ongoing behavioral change.
It ensures clients will never face setbacks.
It eliminates the need for collaboration with other health
professionals.
It helps clients monitor success and motivates ongoing behavioral change.
A health coach is working with a client who is a heavy smoker and leads a
sedentary lifestyle. Based on the knowledge of modifiable risk factors, which strategy should the coach prioritize to reduce the client’s risk of
sudden death?
Encourage the client to start a high-intensity workout regimen
immediately.
Suggest the client gradually reduce smoking while incorporating
physical activity into their routine.
Advise the client to focus solely on dietary changes.
Recommend the client to consult a geneticist for their family history.
suggest the client gradually reduce smoking while incorporating physical activity into their routine.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a fat-free or low-fat dairy
product?
a. fat-free yogurt
b. low-fat cheese
c. whole milk
d. skim milk
whole milk
What is the primary focus of stimulus control in health behavior change?
Identifying and eliminating all triggers for behavior
Replacing unhealthy behavior triggers with healthy cues
Increasing awareness of personal health conditions
Developing a comprehensive diet plan
replacing unhealthy behavior triggers with healthy cues
what is one primary function of feedback in the coaching process
a. to evaluate the coach’s performance
b. to provide clients with insights on their progress
c. to establish a competitive environment
d. to limit client autonomy
to provide clients with insights on their progress
Which of the following best defines nutrient-dense foods?
Foods that are high in calories but low in nutrients
Foods that provide a high amount of nutrients relative to their
calorie content
Foods that are processed and contain added sugars
Foods that are low in fat and high in carbohydrates
foods that provide a high amount of nutrients relative to their calorie content
Which of the following could be a barrier to change?
a. lack of nutrition knowledge
b. depression
c. lack of time/busy schedule
d. all of the above
all of the above
A health coach is working with a client who feels overwhelmed by their
weight loss goals. Which strategy should the coach implement to help the
client succeed?
Encourage the client to set a single, large goal to achieve quickly.
Advise the client to focus only on diet without considering physical
activity.
Assist the client in breaking down their weight loss goal into
smaller, achievable steps.
Suggest that the client ignore their personal values to focus solely on
results.
assist the client in breaking down their weight loss goal into smaller, achievable steps
which coaching activity is most important in the first coaching session, after the coaching contract has been signed, with a client
Setting SMART goals
Building rapport and trust
Determining strengths and weaknesses
Reviewing their health history
building rapport and trust
explain the significance of the maintenance stage in the behavior change
process and how it differs from earlier stages.
It focuses on initial motivation and goal setting.
It emphasizes the need for ongoing support and reinforcement of
new behaviors.
It is primarily concerned with identifying barriers to change.
It involves only short-term behavior adjustments.
it emphasizes the need for ongoing support and reinforcement of new behaviors
Explain why establishing a safe physical and psychological space is crucial
for clients in a coaching setting.
It allows coaches to monitor clients’ progress more effectively.
It encourages clients to share their personal challenges and
fosters trust.
It ensures that clients follow a strict diet plan.
It helps coaches to maintain authority over their clients.
it encourages clients to share their personal challenges and fosters trust
Explain how accountability and self-monitoring can influence an individual’s
commitment to their health goals.
a. they provide external pressure to change behavior
b. they create a sense of personal responsibility and awareness of progress
c. the eliminate the need for professional guidance
d. they focus solely on the outcomes rather than the process
they create a sense of personal responsibility and awareness of progress
From a coaching perspective, what is often a major limitation for client success?
a. A client’s inner critical voice
b. A client’s listening skills
c. A client’s lack of knowledge
d. A client’s schedule
a. A client’s inner critical voice
Which of the following terms represents the ability to recognize one’s own feelings, as well as the feelings of others?
a. Psychological intelligence
b. Emotional intelligence
c. Behavioral intelligence
d. Interpersonal intelligence
b. Emotional intelligence
Which of the following components of emotional intelligence involves understanding the emotions, needs, and concerns of others?
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-regulation
c. Empathy
d. Social skills
c. Empathy
Jason is a successful health coach who enjoys a very full schedule working with a variety of clients. When asked about why they think Jason is so good at his job, his clients often report that Jason communicates clearly, makes them feel like they are part of a cooperative team, and inspires them to work hard. These characteristics describe which competency within the arena of emotional intelligence?
a. Self-awareness
b. Self-regulation
c. Empathy
d. Social skills
d. Social skills
When Susan meets with her health coach, Matthew, she appreciates how Matthew summarizes what she says and then asks if there is anything that was misunderstood in his summary. What communication skill is Matthew using in this situation?
a. Active listening
b. Motivational interviewing
c. Positive listening
d. Empathetic questioning
a. Active listening
If a client perceives changing his or her eating habits as unbearable because of the feeling of having to give everything up at once, he or she is likely suffering from a type of cognitive style called _______________.
a. Full-preference thinking
b. Dissociative disorder
c. Neuro-linguistic programming
d. Absolutistic demanding
d. Absolutistic demanding
Which of the following fields of practice is most similar to what health coaches offer to clients in their services?
a. Personal/life coaching
b. Family counseling
c. Sports performance coaching
d. Behavioural counselling
a. Personal/life coaching
Which response best describes a health coach’s role in facilitating behavioral change?
a. A health coach directs the behavior to be changed
b. A health coach develops the plan of action for change
c. A health coach creates the environment to foster change
d. A health coach manages the rewards and consequences as a result of change
c. A health coach creates the environment to foster change
If a client has an uncontrolled chronic condition (such as diabetes) or a history of diet failures or weight-cycling, a referral to which of the following healthcare professionals would be most appropriate?
a. Registered dietitian
b. Licensed behavioral specialist
c. Nutritionist
d. Occupational therapist
a. Registered dietitian
Renee is a health coach who works with many clients who have chronic health conditions. She communicates regularly with her clients’ physicians to keep them informed of their progress in her programs. In her communications, Renee is careful to document client measurements and any noticeable symptoms, which are characteristics of what element of the SOAP note?
a. Subjective
b. Objective
c. Assessment
d. Plan
b. Objective
If, for whatever reason, the client-health coach relationship must be discontinued, which of the following responses represents the best exit strategy for the health coach?
a. Hiring a lawyer to communicate with the client that the business relationship is no longer tenable for the parties
b. Stating upfront that if certain landmarks are not achieved within a particular agreed-upon timeframe, the relationship may need to be terminated
c. Providing a full refund for any services rendered to the client in exchange for future referrals to the health coach’s business
d. Recommending that the client seek his or her own professional help elsewhere due to an inability to resolve conflict
b. Stating upfront that if certain landmarks are not achieved within a particular agreed-upon timeframe, the relationship may need to be terminated
Knowing your own capabilities, having integrity, taking responsibility for results, and having a clear intent are components of what kind of trust when developing the foundation of a relationship?
a. Relationship trust
b. Self-trust
c. Character trust
d. Rapport trust
b. Self-trust
Which of the following communication components involves creating a carefully constructed message so that the intent of the communication is understood?
a. Planning
b. Encoding
c. Decoding
d. Offering feedback
b. Encoding
Tory is a new client who enjoys helping others and is not comfortable making quick decisions. During your initial interview with Tory, she reveals that she is very focused on her relationships with her family and friends and that she spends much of her free time helping them in various ways. Which personality type best describes Tory?
a. Dominant
b. Cautious
c. Inspiring
d. Supportive
d. Supportive
Abbey is a research scientist at a chemical company. Upon hiring a health coach to help her manage her weight and improve her eating habits, she explains that she is skeptical of most weight-loss programs and would like to see any peer-reviewed research that supports the health coach’s recommendations. Which personality type best describes Abbey?
a. Dominant
b. Cautious
c. Inspiring
d. Supportive
b. Cautious
According to early research on factors involved when conveying a message, approximately what total percentage of the message communicated is made up of nonverbal language?
a. 17
b. 38
c. 55
d. 90
90
During the initial goal-setting process, Danny asks his client, Sarah, the following questions: “How have things changed for you because of your weight? What do you believe will happen if you continue as you are now? If things were to improve, what needs to be different? What do you believe are the costs of changing and the benefits of changing?” What type of investigatory technique is Danny using to evoke thoughtful responses from Sarah?
a. Motivational interviewing
b. Funnel-type questioning
c. Empathetic interviewing
d. Leading questioning
a. Motivational interviewing
When health coaches encourage clients to engage in regular physical activity, make healthy nutrition choices, and properly manage emotional stress, they are facilitating a reduced risk of _______________.
a. Behavioral relapses
b. Musculoskeletal injuries
c. Nutritional deficiencies
d. Hypokinetic diseases
d. Hypokinetic diseases
Within the medical fitness field’s continuum of care, at what point does the health coach typically begin to work with a client?
a. Before the client receives any medical attention
b. When the client initiates primary care with a physician
c. During the period when the client is seeing a physical therapist
d. When the client is ready for post-rehabilitation or post-medical care services
d. When the client is ready for post-rehabilitation or post-medical care services
Which of the following factors of operant conditioning heavily influences behavioral outcomes and occurs after a behavior is executed?
a. Antecedents
b. Response consequences
c. Stimulus control
d. Social support
b. Response consequences
The cornerstone of cognitive behavioral therapy is that a client’s ____________ determine how he or she behaves, not the external events that actually take place.
a. Actions
b. Demographics
c. Attitudes
d. Beliefs
d. Beliefs
Jim has been hearing a lot from his friend, Mike, about Mike’s new health coach. Currently, Jim engages in a sporadic walk, or even a visit to the gym, but he is very inconsistent with physical activity. Jim often asks Mike about specifics for creating his own plan. Mike suggests that Jim set up an appointment with his health coach to investigate weight-loss programs, health clubs, and planning how a diet and/or exercise program can fit into his lifestyle and schedule. Jim tells Mike he will arrange to meet with Mike’s health coach. In what stage of change is Jim?
a. Precontemplation
b. Contemplation
c. Preparation
d. Action
c. Preparation
During a brief encounter at a health fair where Elizabeth is promoting her services as a health coach, she asks her potential new client, Jack, “On a scale of 1 to 10, how ready do you believe you are to make this change or adopt this healthy behavior?” Jack answers, “I’d say about a 3.” Based on his answer, in which stage of change would you categorize Jack?
a. Precontemplation
b. Contemplation
c. Preparation
d. Action
a. Precontemplation
Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for a client who has been working on incorporating physical activity into his lifestyle and has made it to the maintenance stage of behavior change?
a. Plan for potential lapses
b. Reiterate the long-term benefits of adherence
c. Explain and personalize the inherent risks of physical activity
d. Help the client identify social support
plan for petential lapses
_______________ can act as both a determinant and an outcome of behavioral change.
a. Self-determination
b. Self-esteem
c. Self-efficacy
d. Self-confidence
self-efficacy
Before shopping, Jessica makes a grocery list and avoids purchasing non-listed items, with the intent that if poor quality food is not in the house, it will not be eaten. Jessica is using which of the following strategies to facilitate healthy eating?
a. Shaping
b. Stimulus control
c. Goal-setting
d. Extrinsic feedback
b. Stimulus control
When Jack was in elementary school, he participated in physical education activities only because he had to, simply to avoid punishment. Today, Jack has a career as a health coach and participates in daily exercise because he truly enjoys the way it makes him feel while he is doing it. Which of the following types of motivation best describes Jack’s physical-activity experiences when he was a child?
a. Integrated regulation
b. Identified regulation
c. Introjected regulation
d. External regulation
d. External regulation
Paul, a very busy accountant, has a goal of incorporating exercise into his daily schedule. When tax season approaches, Paul knows his schedule will become even more hectic and as each day wears on, his work-related list of responsibilities typically gets longer. Based on available research conducted on the topic of self-control, which of the following responses would be the best approach to help Paul stick to his exercise plan?
a. Plan to block out the lunch hour and reserve it for daily workouts
b. Schedule daily workouts at the fitness center on the way home from work
c. Plan to fit in “mini” exercise sessions between meetings with clients throughout the day
d. Schedule daily morning exercise sessions, before the workday starts
d. Schedule daily morning exercise sessions, before the workday starts
Which of the following statements is least accurate regarding an individual’s self-control?
a. Self-control is a limited resource
b. The force of habit requires a high level self-control
c. Coping with stress requires a certain level of self-control
d. Self-control appears to be renewed daily
b. The force of habit requires a high level self-control
_______________ is the most common reason that people abandon their plans to change behavior.
a. A busy schedule
b. Stress
c. Depression
d. Lack of knowledge
b. Stress
Which of the following lifestyle-modification strategies deals specifically with helping clients achieve success early in their programs by setting realistic goals that they can reasonably accomplish?
a. Strengthen autonomous motivation to change
b. Increase readiness to change
c. Encourage clients to modify environmental cues
d. Look for ways to increase self-efficacy
d. Look for ways to increase self-efficacy