ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF HEMOGLOBIN

Question 1

___________ is one the several test ordered by the physicians to diagnose and monitor the course of anemia.

Answer 1

Hemoglobin

Question 2

Hemoglobin can be performed separately or as a part of the routine of __________

Answer 2

Complete blood count

Question 3

The main component of red blood cell is ___________

Answer 3

hemoglobin

Question 4

Hemoglobin is a complex proteins that function as transport vehicle of __________ and _________.

Answer 4

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 5

When hemoglobin is fully saturated, each gram of hemoglobin holds ________

Answer 5

1.34 mL of oxygen

Question 6

A hemoglobin molecule id composed of polypeptide chains called __________ and _________

Answer 6

globin and four heme groups

Question 7

Heme is suspended between the _____ and _____ of each polypeptide chain

Answer 7

F and E helices

Question 8

The globin portion of the hemoglobin molecule is primarily made up of _____________

Answer 8

protein

Question 9

The globin component is made up of two chain combination of _____, ____, ____, _____,____, ______

Answer 9

alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, gamma, zeta

Question 10

What are the three hemoglobin present in mesoblastic phase

Answer 10

Gower 1
Gower 2
Portland

Question 11

What is the hemoglobin present in the hepatic phase up

Answer 11

F

Question 12

There are four prosthetic heme groups in a hemoglobin molecule, each containing one atom of __________

Answer 12

ferrous iron

Question 13

If iron is lacking because of either inadequate dietary intake or increased loss from body hemoglobin molecule is not formed sufficiently, thus resulting to ___________

Answer 13

anemia

Question 14

The heme reversibly combines with one molecule of oxygen
high 100 mmhg

Answer 14

oxyhemoglobin

Question 15

hemoglobin iron is unassociated with oxygen
low down to 20 mmhg

Answer 15

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 16

also known as dysfunction hemoglobins , _______ unable to transport oxygen

Answer 16

dyshemoglobins

Question 17

In dyshemoglobins if this impairment is severe enough it can result to _________. If not corrected it will eventually lead to __________.

Answer 17

hypoxia or cyanosis
death

Question 18

It is formed by the reversible oxidation of heme iron to the ferric state; 1-2%; NADH cytochrome b5 reductase 3

Answer 18

Methemoglobin

Question 19

It gives a chocolate brown color and does not revert back to normal red color after exposure

Answer 19

Methemoglobin

Question 20

Most cases of methemoglobinemia is acquired resulting from exposure to certain drugs and chemicals such as ______, _____, _____, _______

Answer 20

nitrates, nitrites, quinolones and chlorates

Question 21

Inherited forms of methemoglobinemia may result in _____ or __________

Answer 21

abnormality in globin chain or result in enzyme defect

Question 22

It results from the binding of carbon monoxide to hemoglobin resulting to an impairment in oxygen transport.

Answer 22

Carboxyhemoglobin

Question 23

Carboxyhemoglobin confers blood a _________ which is sometimes imparted to skin of patients

Answer 23

cherry red color

Question 24

Carbon monoxide affinity for oxygen is ________ more than that of oxygen

Answer 24

240

Question 25

Carbon monoxide is termed as _______ because it is an odorless and colorless gas and can make victims become quickly ________

Answer 25

silent killer - hypoxic

Question 26

Carbon monoxide poisoning treatment is use of __________ in order to remove carbon monoxide in the blood

Answer 26

hyperbaric oxygen

Question 27

It is mixture of oxidized partially denatured forms of hemoglobins that form during the oxidative hemolysis; 1%

Answer 27

Sulfhemoglobins

Question 28

During oxidation of hemoglobin , ______ is incorporated into the heme rings resulting in a ____________, imparting a _________ to the blood

Answer 28

sulfur; green monochrome; mauve lavender color

Question 29

oxidation usually results in the denaturation and precipitation as ______________

Answer 29

Heinz bodies

Question 30

sulfhemoglobin is ineffective for oxygen transport and patients with elevated levels present with __________

Answer 30

cyanosis

Question 31

Unlike methemoglobin, ________________ cannot be reverted back to normal hemoglobin and it remains in the cell for life

Answer 31

sulfhemoglobin

Question 32

Specific Gravity Method blood sample

Answer 32

Capillary blood

Question 33

Specific gravity of ______ corresponds to hemoglobin of __________

Answer 33

1.053 - 12.5 g/dL

Question 34

If the specific gravity of blood is higher than the solution, the ___________

Answer 34

drop will sink

Question 35

If the specific gravity of blood is less than the solution, ___________________

Answer 35

it will remain suspended on the solution for some time - float

Question 36

When blood is added with ______, the hemoglobin in the RBC will be converted to _________----- a ______ compound

Answer 36

0.1 hydrochloric acid; acid hematin; dark brown colored compound

Question 37

Acid hematin method blood sample

Answer 37

EDTA whole blood

Question 38

blood is diluted with drabkins reagent

Answer 38

cyanmethemoglobin method

Question 39

oxidizes ferrous iron to ferric state

Answer 39

potassium ferricyanide

Question 40

donates cyanide ions

Answer 40

potassium cyanide

Question 41

shortens the time needed for the complete conversion of hb to hicn

Answer 41

sodium bicarbonate

Question 42

replaced by __________ in the modified drabkin reagent

Answer 42

Dihydrogen potassium phosphate

Question 43

In cyanmethemoglobin method the solution is read at ______ and is compared with that of a standard hiCn solution

Answer 43

540nm wavelength

Question 44

Cyanmethemoglobin blood sample

Answer 44

EDTA whole blood

Question 45

what are the four errors in hemoglobinometry

Answer 45

1. errors in inherent in the sample 2. Errors inherent in the method 3. errors inherent in the equipment 4. operator's error

Question 46

reference value in male and female in hemoglobin determination

Answer 46

male 13.5 -18 female 12-16