Accoustic Properties

Question 1

u:

Answer 1

Vowel: sonorant, long and continuous, voiced - sound source is phonation so it has a periodic waveform and formant frequencies showing as dark horizontal bands on a spectrogram. Lower frequency than consonants.
High back vowel meaning F1 is low and F2 is low on spectrogram.

Question 2

i:

Answer 2

Long vowel, sonorant, source=phonation so waveform is periodic and has formant frequencies appearing as dark horizontal bands on a spectrogram, lower in frequency than consonants, high front vowel so F1 is low and F2 is high on spectrogram.

Question 3

æ

Answer 3

Short vowel, sonorant, (voiced), source=phonation so waveforms are periodic and have formant frequencies which appear as dark horizontal bands on a spectrogram, has lower frequency than consonants, low front vowel so has high F1 and high F2.

Question 4

ɑ:

Answer 4

Long vowel, sonorant, (voiced) source=phonation so waveform is periodic and has formant frequencies which appear as dark horizontal bands on a spectrogram, lower frequency than consonants, low back vowel so F1 is high and F2 is low.

Question 5

ɪ

Answer 5

Short vowel, sonorant, (voiced) source=phonation so waveform is periodic and has formant frequencies which show up as dark horizontal bands on a spectrogram, lower frequency than consonants, High front vowel so F1 is low and F2 is high.

Question 6

e

Answer 6

Short vowel, sonorant, (voiced) source=phonation so waveform is periodic and has formant frequencies which show up as dark horizontal bands on a spectrogram, lower frequency than many consonants, mid front vowel so F1 is low-mid and F2 is high.

Question 7

ɔ:

Answer 7

Long vowel, sonorant, (voiced) source=phonation so waveform is periodic and has formant frequencies which show up as dark horizontal bands on a spectrogram, lower frequency than many consonants, low back vowel so F1 is high and F2 is low.

Question 8

ɒ

Answer 8

Short vowel, sonorant, (voiced) source=phonation so waveform is periodic and has formant frequencies which show up as dark horizontal bands on a spectrogram, lower frequency than many consonants, low back vowel so F1 is high and F2 is low.

Question 9

ʊ

Answer 9

Short vowel, sonorant, (voiced) source=phonation so waveform is periodic and has formant frequencies which show up as dark horizontal bands on a spectrogram, lower frequency than many consonants, high back vowel so F1 is low and F2 is low.

Question 10

θ

Answer 10

Obstruent consonant: voiceless dental fricative
Source=noise so waveform is aperiodic and shows up as irregular grey drizzle on a spectrogram.
Filter= fricative so pulmonic air is forced through narrow approximation of articulators causing air turbulence.
High frequency, low intensity so grey drizzle is fainter and higher up on the spectrogram.

Question 11

f

Answer 11

Obstruent consonant: voiceless labiodental fricative
Source=noise so waveform is aperiodic and shows up as irregular grey drizzle on a spectrogram.
Filter= fricative so pulmonic air is forced through narrow approximation of articulators causing air turbulence.
High frequency, low intensity but more than θ so normal/light grey drizzle at a variety of frequencies leaving a gap underneath on the spectrogram.

Question 12

s

Answer 12

Obstruent consonant: voiceless alveolar fricative.
Source=noise so waveform is aperiodic and shows up as irregular grey drizzle on a spectrogram.
Filter= fricative so pulmonic air is forced through narrow approximation of articulators causing air turbulence.
High frequency and more intense so upper 50% of spectrogram is dark grey drizzle.

Question 13

ʃ

Answer 13

Obstruent consonant: voiceless post-alveolar fricative.
Source=noise so waveform is aperiodic and shows up as irregular grey drizzle on a spectrogram.
Filter= fricative so pulmonic air is forced through narrow approximation of articulators causing air turbulence.
High frequency and quite intense so most of spectrogram is darker grey drizzle.

Question 14

p

Answer 14

Obstruent consonant: voiceless bilabial plosive.
High frequency but intensity is at comparatively lower frequencies than t and k.
Has approach hold and release stages so during the approach and hold phases the spectrogram is blank/white.
If aspirated there is a period of transient noise following the plosive release for which the Source=noise so waveform is aperiodic and shows up as a short period if irregular grey drizzle on a spectrogram.

Question 15

k

Answer 15

Obstruent consonant: voiceless velar plosive.
High frequency and more intense at comparatively higher frequencies than p and t.
Has approach hold and release stages so during the approach and hold phases the spectrogram is blank/white.
If aspirated there is a period of transient noise following the plosive release for which the Source=noise so waveform is aperiodic and shows up as a short period if irregular grey drizzle on a spectrogram.

Question 16

t

Answer 16

Obstruent consonant: voiceless alveolar plosive.
High frequency and intensity lies at higher frequency than p and but lower than k.
Has approach hold and release stages so during the approach and hold phases the spectrogram is blank/white.
If aspirated there is a period of transient noise following the plosive release for which the Source=noise so waveform is aperiodic and shows up as a short period if irregular grey drizzle on a spectrogram.

Question 17

h

Answer 17

Obstruent consonant: voiceless glottal fricative.
Higher frequency but lower than θ f s ʃ. Frequency often mirrors that of following vowel.
Spectrogram: fairly low intensity so quite faint grey drizzle but can slightly pick up formant frequencies of a following vowel.
Source=noise so waveform is aperiodic and shows up as irregular grey drizzle on a spectrogram.
Filter= fricative so pulmonic air is forced through narrow approximation of articulators causing air turbulence.

Question 18

g

Answer 18

Obstruent consonant: voiced velar plosive.
Higher frequency so slightly more intense higher up spectrogram
Source=phonation so waveform is periodic and has formant structure. But shorter duration than vowels.
Filter=Articulators have approach hold and release stages so during the approach and hold phases the spectrogram is blank/white.

Question 19

tʃ