Accounting Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

All companies must follow a set of rules that standardises the reporting and recording of their financial data.

A

US companies follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and everyone else uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

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2
Q

The balance sheet gives

A

a glimpse into the health and composition of a business

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3
Q

Double-entry bookkeeping:

A

A transaction requires at least two entries to keep the balance sheet balanced

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4
Q

Balance sheet equation:

A

Assets = Liabilities + Equity

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5
Q

Dual-aspect concept:

A

If there is a change in the total amount of assets, there needs to be a resulting change in liabilities, equity, or both.

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6
Q

Money-measurement concept:

A

Only items expressed as monetary amounts can go on a balance sheet

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7
Q

Entity:

A

A business, company, or organisation

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8
Q

Entity concept:

A

A business’ finances are separate from its owner’s finances

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9
Q

Going-concern concept:

A

Accounting assumes that an entity will operate indefinitely

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10
Q

Assets:

A

Items owned and controlled by an entity, valuable to the entity, and acquired at a measurable cost

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11
Q

Assets consist of:

A

Current assets and Noncurrent assets

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12
Q

Current assets:

A

assets expected to be converted into cash or used up by the business within one year

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13
Q

Noncurrent assets:

A

assets that will not be used up or converted into cash for at least one year

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14
Q

Current assets contain:

A

Cash, Accounts Receivable, Inventory, Prepaid Expenses

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15
Q

Accounts receivable:

A

Where a company records credit purchases by its customers. The company expects these customers to pay them in cash in the near future

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16
Q

Inventory:

A

Goods an entity intends to sell

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17
Q

Prepaid Expenses:

A

Monies paid in advance for pending expenses - e.g paying rent in advance

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18
Q

Noncurrent assets contain:

A

Property,Plant and Equipment (PP&E)

19
Q

Property,Plant and Equipment:

A

Tangible assets that depreciate, or lose value, over time due to wear and tear.

20
Q

Creditor:

A

Anyone who lends money or extends credit

21
Q

Liabilities:

A

Debts owed to outside entities (creditors) in return for borrowed goods, services, or monies.

22
Q

Liabilities contain:

A

Current liabilities, Long-term liabilities, Bank loans payable, accounts payable, estimated tax liability

23
Q

Current liabilities:

A

Obligations that will be paid within one year

24
Q

Long-term liabilities:

A

Obligations that won’t be paid until at least a year has passed

25
Bank Loans (Bank Loans Payable):
can be recorded under both current and long-term liabilities
26
Accounts Payable:
Obligatory monies owed by an entity for goods and services. The opposite of Accounts Receivable.
27
Estimated Tax Liability:
The estimated amount of what will be due in taxes per year
28
Equity:
Money (capital) either supplied by equity investors or collected in the form of an entity's retained earnings
29
Equity contains:
Paid-in Capital and Retained Earnings
30
Paid-in Capital:
Money supplied by investors
31
Retained Earnings:
Income generated by an entity's successful operations that is reinvested in the entity
32
Proprietorship:
An entity with one sole owner and investor
33
T accounts:
Charts used to record increases and decreases of individual accounts found on the balance sheet.
34
Debits:
an entry recording a sum owed, listed on the left-hand side or column of an account. represent an increase in an asset, but a decrease in a liability or equity. Asset accounts will normally have debit balances
35
Credits:
represent a decrease in an asset, but an increase in a liability or equity Liability and Equity accounts will normally have credit balances
36
Revenue and Expenses are temporary accounts:
Revenues are increases in equity and usually have a credit balance Expenses are decreases in equity and usually have a debit balance Revenues are debited and credited like equity accounts, but Expenses are debited and credited like asset accounts.
37
Income statements are used...
to calculate net income
38
Net income:
The difference between total revenues and total expenses. It's calculated as follows: Net income = Total revenues - total expenses
39
Balance sheets record
one point in history and show a company's financial position
40
Income statements measure
a company's financial performance over a period of time
41
General journal:
The chronological record of every transaction. A journal entry uses the same rules as a T-account
42
General ledger:
The collection of all T-accounts
43
Revenues and expenses are temporary accounts. At the end of a period,
they are closed out and their balances are transferred to the income statement.
44
Other asset, liability, and equity accounts are permanent accounts.
They are not closed out, and their balances are transferred to the balance sheet.