Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction

Question 1

It is the result of overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 1

Spasm Accommodation

Question 2

Also called as accommodative inertia

Answer 2

Accommodative Infacility

Question 3

• It is a condition in which the AA is normal, but fatigue occurs with repeated accommodative stimulation

Answer 3

Ill-sustained Accommodation

Question 4

•Occurs when the amplitude of accommodation (AA) is lower than the expected AA for the patient’s age and is not due to sclerosis of the crystalline lens.

Answer 4

Accommodative Insufficiency

Question 5

• It occurs when the accommodative system is slow in making a change, or when there is a considerable lag between the stimulus to accommodation and the accommodative response.

Answer 5

Accommodative infacility

Question 6

A rare condition in which the accommodative system fails to respond to any stimulus.

Answer 6

Paralysis of Accommodation

Question 7

What are the two types of paralysis of accommodation?

Answer 7

Bilateral and unibilateral

Question 8

Name the three components of spasm of near reflex

Answer 8

overaccommodation, overconvergence and miotic pupils

Question 9

Can be described as exophoria or exotropia at far greater than the near deviation by at least 10 prism diopters (PD).

Answer 9

Divergence excess

Question 10

A condition where tonic esophoria is high when measured at distance but less at near.

Answer 10

Divergence Insufficiency

Question 11

• Has different phorias in far and near.

Answer 11

Mixed Phoria

Question 12

Patients with this condition often have normal phorias and AC/A ratios but reduced fusional vergence amplitudes.

Answer 12

Fusional Vergence Dysfunction

Question 13

May be either comitant and idiopathic or noncomitant, due to muscle paresis or other mechanical cause.

Answer 13

Vertical Heterophoria

Question 14

•Patients with this condition has high tonic esophoria at distance, a similar degree of esophoria at near, and a normal AC/A ratio.

Answer 14

Basic Esophoria

Question 15

Can be caused by the use of cycloplegic drugs or by trauma ocular or systemic disease, toxicity or poisoning.

Answer 15

Paralysis of accommodation

Question 16

Patient with this condition often reports blurred distance vision immediately following sustained near work

Answer 16

Accommodative infacility

Question 17

This condition may also result from other causes, such as the use of either systemic or topical cholinergic drugs, trauma, brain tumor, or myasthenia gravis.

Answer 17

Spasm of accommodation

Question 18

If the difference between the distance and near esophoria is below 10PD.

Answer 18

Basic Esophoria

Question 19

Symptomatic patients usually have low fusional divergence amplitudes at distance and low AC/A ratios

Answer 19

Divergence Insufficiency

Question 20

The etiology of the higher esodeviation at near most commonly is indicated by a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio.

Answer 20

Convergence Excess

Question 21

D9 eso N20 eso

Answer 21

Convergence excess

Question 22

D10 eso N3 eso

Answer 22

Basic Esophoria

Question 23

D9 eso N20 eso

Answer 23

Convergence excess

Question 24

D0.5 exo

N6 exo

Answer 24

Basic exophoria

Question 25

D 18 eso N17 exo

Answer 25

Mixed phoria

Question 26

D3 exo N15 exo

Answer 26

Convergence Insufficiency

Question 27

D5 exo N 16 eso

Answer 27

Mixed phoria

Question 28

D12 exo N6 exo

Answer 28

Basic exophoria

Question 29

D5 exo

N2 eso

Answer 29

Mixed phoria

Question 30

D10 eso

N5 eso

Answer 30

Basic Esophoria