Accommodation Vocab

Question 1

Punctum Remotum (PR)

Answer 1

The far point of clear vision with accommodation relaxed. Two conjugate points, one in space, one on the retina, so that when light originates from the point in space, it focuses on the retina with accommodation relaxed.

Question 2

Emmetropia conjugate points and PR

Answer 2

Infinity and the retina. The PR is infinity. PR for all emmetropes is the same.

Question 3

Myopia conjugate points and PR

Answer 3

inside infinity and the retina. The PR is inside infinity. PR for all myopes are not the same.

Question 4

Hyperopia conjugate points and PR

Answer 4

Beyond infinity (has a negative value). The PR is beyond infinity. All hyperopes do not have the same PR

Question 5

Punctum proximum PP

Answer 5

The nearest and closes point of clear vision. This is determined by performing Donder’s amplitude of accommodation measurement.

Question 6

Amplitude of accommodation

Answer 6

The dioptric difference between the accommodative PR and the PP.

Question 7

Type of accommodation: Tonic accommodation

Answer 7

Resting state of accommodation. The portion of accommodation present in absence of a stimulus

Question 8

Type of accommodation: Psychic accommodation

Answer 8

Stimulation of accommodation caused simply by the nearness of a target. Ex: phoroper in front of face may make pt accommodate more at a distance.

Question 9

Type of accommodation: Reflex accommodation

Answer 9

What happens when stimulus falls behind retina. Automatic, non-volitional (without volunteering) change in accommodation as a response to blur.

Question 10

Type of accommodation: Abberational accommodation

Answer 10

Range in accommodation due to chromatic aberration- change in accommodation can vary, depending on which color is focused on the retina.
Ex: red/green filter= chromatic. Helps cut down on glare, and helps the pt not fall asleep. “focus on the __ and grace at the ___”

Question 11

Four Type of accommodations

Answer 11

Tonic, psychic, reflex, abberational

Question 12

7 anomalies in accommodation

Answer 12

Excessive, spasm, tonic spasm, clonic spasm, insufficient, inertia, paralysis

Question 13

Anomaly in accommodation: Excessive accommodation

Answer 13

A constant parasympathetic (visceral, rest and digest) stimulation of accommodation, when there is no need for accommodation. Pt may present as a myope.

Question 14

Anomaly in accommodation: Spasm of accommodation

Answer 14

The ciliary muscle is in a state of spasm.

Question 15

Anomaly in accommodation: Tonic spasm

Answer 15

Type of spasm that is prolonged and uniform. Example: reading at near for a long period of time and then looking into the distance. Distance vision will be blurred since accommodation is still active- artificial myope at this time until it relaxes.

Question 16

Anomaly in accommodation: Clonic spasm

Answer 16

Type of spasm. Alternate, intermittent spasm of accommodation. Can be observed during ret- tell pt to focus on something else (wiggle toes) and that will relax their accommodation (distance vision)

Question 17

Anomaly in accommodation: Insufficient accommodation

Answer 17

Accommodative amplitude below the limits of age level expected. Usually adults or premature presbyopes will complain of this. Need to hold papers further away to see.

Question 18

Anomaly in accommodation: Inertia of accommodation

Answer 18

When a change in focus is needed by a patient, there is a delay in the accommodative system, making a change necessary for clear vision.

Not that they can’t, it just takes them longer to focus from distance too near. Delayed. “Blurry for a second or two.”

Question 19

Anomaly in accommodation: Paralysis of accommodation

Answer 19

Accommodation is non-functional due to drugs, infections, trauma, or congenital reasons. The patient has near point blur and a dilated pupil.

Ex: cyclo/topical drug. Or ciliary body infected or trauma to it.

Question 20

Cyclopleigic

Answer 20

A drug, applied topically to the eye, which causes a paralysis of accommodation and secondary pupil dilation.

Question 21

Isometropia

Answer 21

The condition in which the refractive condition is the same for the two eyes. Ex: -2.00 DS OU

Question 22

Anisometropia (umbrella term)

Answer 22

The condition in which the refractive condition is not the same for the two eyes.

• 1.00 OD
• 2.00 OS

Question 23

Antimetropia

Answer 23

A specific type of anisometropia, where one eye is myopic and the other eye is hyperopic.

Question 24

Ametropia

Answer 24

A refractive condition the than emmetropia

Question 25

Fogging

Answer 25

in refraction, the use of excessive plus plus power to place the retinal image in front of the retina, to prevent the patient from accommodating,

Question 26

How do mono vision cis affect depth perception

Answer 26

No binocularity, only monocularly. Tell pt’s not to drive in them until they feel comfortable.