accommodation

Question 1

ketotifen 0.25%

Answer 1

alaway

Question 2

ketotifen 0.35%

Answer 2

Zaditor

Question 3

What is this patient’s calculated AC/A ratio?

PD: 58mm

Habitual
OD: -4.00 -2.00 x 180 20/20
OS: -4.75 -3.00 x 180 20/20

CT
D: small XP
N: mod XP

VonGaefe
D: 3XP
N: 7XP

Vergences
D: 3/11/4 BI, 7/17/8 BO
N: 15/23/15 BI, 15/19/10 BO

Answer 3

AC/A=PD+WD(Pn-Pd)

5.8+.4(-7-(-3))=4.2/1

Question 4

which of the follow values is used to determine whether this patient has sufficient vergences to compensate for her near phoria?

Habitual
OD: -4.00 -2.00 x 180 20/20
OS: -4.75 -3.00 x 180 20/20

CT
D: small XP
N: mod XP

VonGaefe
D: 3XP
N: 7XP

Vergences
D: 3/11/4 BI, 7/17/8 BO
N: 15/23/15 BI, 15/19/10 BO

Answer 4

BO blur at near

Question 5

average amp of accommodation based on age 29

Answer 5

18. 5-0.30(age)

9. 80D

Question 6

gradient AC/A

Answer 6

determined by measuring the patients phoria at the same distance but with different lenses to change the stimulus to accommodate. Most often the phoria is measured at 40cm, first through the subjective refraction and then with +1.00D over the subjective refraction

can be calculated with
AC/A=(P1-P2)/(Sa1-Sa2)

Question 7

Sheard’s Criterion

Answer 7

a patient will have comfortable, single binocular vision when the compensation mergence is at least double the phoria demand.

Question 8

PFV compensates for a

Answer 8

XP

tested directly with BO prism or indirectly with plus lenses

Question 9

what value of vergences represents the limit go PFV

Answer 9

blur value

-needs to be twice the phoria

Question 10

NFV

Answer 10

compensates for an EP and is measured directly by adding BI prism or indirectly by adding minus lenses

Question 11

what on vergences will suggest someone if over minused in their glasses

Answer 11

low BI blur value

Question 12

symptoms of being over minused

Answer 12

asthenia when reading at night
-constantly accommodating at distance and near, resulting in the most symptoms at near when she has a higher accommodative demand

Question 13

blur

Answer 13

the limit of fusional vergence; at this point, the patient will begin to use accommodative mergence to prevent diplopia. the image will appear blurred bc the patient is accommodating the change vergence, even though the target distance has not changed

Question 14

break

Answer 14

the limit of fusional AND accommodative vergence. The patient has maximally relaxed or stimulated accommodation and can no longer change mergence, resulting in a blurred double image

Question 15

recovery

Answer 15

a qualitative assessment of flexibility of the binocular system to regain fusion after diplopia (recorded when the image becomes single again). The recovery should be at least half the break

Question 16

NRA in someone who is overminused

Answer 16

will be high (>+2.50) because the patient will relax 2.50D of accommodation for the near target at 40cm, plus the additional amount of accommodation he was using to clear objects through the extra minus lenses

Question 17

accommodative facility in someone over minused

Answer 17

slow clearing of minus lenses, as the patient will already be over accommodating through her over minused RX. This finding will occur with monocular AND binocular testing. The patient will NOT have difficulty clearing plus lenses monocularly or binocularly

Question 18

accommodative facility

Answer 18

determine the dynamic accommodative ability of the patient. The patient is asked to clear an image at near with a +/-2.00D lenses. the number of cycles (clearing plus and minus lenses) in one minute is recorded.

Question 19

norms for accommodative facility

Answer 19

13-30yo
monocularly=11cpm
binocularly=8cpm

Question 20

if a patient cannot clear plus AND minus lenses on accommodative facility

Answer 20

he has accommodative facility issues

Question 21

if the patient cannot clear plus lenses, he is

Answer 21

over accommodating for the stimulus

Question 22

if the patient cannot clear minus lenses, he has

Answer 22

decreased ability to accommodate (accommodative insufficiency)

Question 23

push up test for over minused

Answer 23

will show a low amp of accommodation because some of the patients accommodative ability is being used for distance

Question 24

push up test

Answer 24

measures the amp of accommodation. under monocular conditions, a near target is brought towards a patient until he no longer can read the image. The distance is recorded in cm. the amp of accommodation is the inverse of this distance

Question 25

treatment for someone who is over minused and symptomatic

Answer 25

give the cycloplegic refraction and RX that.

Question 26

what are the two equations you will ever use meters and cm in the same thing

Answer 26

calc AC/A

prentices rule