Accessory Organs Flashcards
What is the region at the top of the stomach called?
The fundus
What is the region at the bottom of the stomach called?
The pylorus
What is the main part of the stomach called?
The body
How is the pylorus divided?
pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter
What attaches to the lesser curvature?
the lesser omentum
What attaches to the greater curvature?
the greater omentum
What branches supply the fundus?
Short gastric, from splenic
What branches supply the greater omentum of the stomach?
left gastroepiploic, from splenic
What branches supply the inferior part of the greater omentum of the stomach?
right gastroepiploic, from gastroduodenal, from common hepatic
What branches supply the lesser omentum of the stomach?
left gastric
What is the order of the duodenum?
superior, descending, horizontal and ascending
Which part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal?
superior
Which arteries supply the duodenum?
Proximal to major duodenal papillae from coeliac trunk via the superior pancreaticoduodenal (branch of gastroduodenal)
Distal to major duodenal papilla from superior mesenteric via inferior pancreaticoduodenal
What enters the duodenal at the major duodenal papilla?
Where the hepatopancreatic ampulla empties bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum
What are the folds in the duodenum called and what is their function?
Pilcae circulares which increase surface area for absorption
Where does the jejunum begin and the ileum terminate?
The jejunum begins at the duodenojejunal junction and the ileum terminates at the ileocecal junction
Where does the root of the mesentery attach to in the small intestine?
extends from the duodenojejunal junction (left side of L2) to the ileocecal junction (right sacroiliac joint)
What structures are located between the two layers of the mesentery?
superior mesentery vessels, lymph nodes, autonomic nerves, fat
What are the regions of the large intestine?
Caecum
Ascending colon
Hepatic flexure
Transverse colon
Splenic flexure
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
What are the three distinguishing, gross anatomical features of the large intestine?
haustra, teniae coli, and epiploic appendages
What structures are drained by the superior mesenteric?
Midgut structures
What structures are drained by the splenic?
Spleen, parts of the stomach and pancrease
What structures are drained by the inferior mesenteric?
HIndgut structures
What vessel does the inferior mesenteric most commonly drain into?
The splenic vein
What is the name of the ligament between the two lobes of the liver?
The falciform ligament
Which abdominal regions house the liver?
The right hypochondrium and epigastrium
What is the ligament that runs in the lower border of the falciform ligament?
The ligamentum teres (round ligament) - a remnant of the umbilical vein
What is the anterior surface of the liver called?
The diaphragmatic
What is the posterior surface of the liver called?
The visceral surface
What is the superior lobe of the liver called?
Caudate
What is the lobe of the liver called?
What is the inferior lobe in the liver called?
What vessels drain into the vena cava in the liver?
The hepatic veins
What ligament runs in the fissure of the causate lobe and the right lobe?
Ligamentum venosum, a remnant of the ductus venosus
What is the name of the area that is in direct contact with the diaphragm as the peritoneum reflects back to form the coronary ligaments?
Bare area
What are the components of the biliary tree?
The right and left hepatic ducts exit the liver and unite to form the common hepatic duct which unites with the cystic duct to form the bile duct
What are the other two major vessels that run near the biliary tree?
The portal vein and the hepatic artery
What composes the portal triad?
The bile duct, the portal vein, and the hepatic artery
What are the names of the different parts of the pancreas?
Uncinate process, head, neck, body, tail
What are the vessels which emerge under the pancreas?
The superior mesenteric vein and the superior mesenteric artery
Where does the superior mesenteric vein drain to?
It unites with the splenic vein to form the portal vein
Where does the superior mesenteric artery?
The SMA arises from the aorta and supplies the structures of the foregut
What do the main pancreatic duct and the bile duct unite to form?
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Where does the hepatopancreatic ampulla enter the duodenum?
The major duodenal papilla
