Accessory Organ Tumors Flashcards
These are the most common benign solid hepatic tumors.
hepatic hemangiomas
What are the 2 main risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma?
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
You should suspect this type of cancer in patients with previously compensated cirrhosis who develop ascites, varices, encephalopathy.
- hepatocellular carcinoma
What diagnostic study is the best for hepatocellular carcinoma?
- MRI
What does a triple-phase CT scanning of hepatocellular carcinoma consist of?
- Panel A: unenhanced scan shows a exophytic mass
- Panel B: contrast-enhanced scan during arterial phase shows lesion more clearly
- Panel C: contrast enhanced scan during venous delayed phase shows decrease in differentiation between lesion and adjacent liver
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is elevated in this type of cancer.
- hepatocellular carcinoma (elevated in 60% of patients)
* also elevated in pregnancy, gonadal tumors, and other malignancies
Sensitivity of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for hepatocellular carcinoma is improved when combined with this study.
- ultrasound
Patients with these 2 conditions should be screened for hepatocellular carcinoma.
- chronic hepatitis B
- cirrhosis
screening is cost-effective
What is the screening protocol for hepatocellular carcinoma?
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasound every 6 months
Fill in the blank: Intrahepatic incidence of bile duct malignancy is _______ while extrahepatic incidence is _______.
- increasing
- decreasing
What is a Klatskin tumor?
- cholangiocarcinoma of junction of left and right hepatic biliary ducts
What is the primary risk factor of cholangiocarcinoma?
- primary sclerosing cholangitis
If a patient presents with jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, fever, and clay-colored stools what cancer are you concerned for?
- cholangiocarcinoma
What LFTs will be elevated in cholangiocarcinoma?
- Alk Phos
- Bilirubin
What are the risk factors for gallbladder cancer? (3)
- gallstones
- porcelain gallbladder
- gallbladder polyps
What continent has the highest incidence of gallbladder cancer?
- South America
* uncommon but fatal*
Pancreatic pseudocysts develop after what?
- 4 weeks after an episode of acute pancreatitis
Pancreatic carcinoma is the ___ leading cause of cancer death in US.
4th
What is the 5 year survival rate of pancreatic carcinoma?
<5%
What tumor marker is associated with pancreatic carcinoma?
CA 19-9
What diagnostic study is necessary to confirm the diagnosis?
biopsy
What is the only potentially curative treatment for pancreatic carcinoma?
- surgical resection
