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Web Accessibility Exam Prep > Accessibility Testing > Flashcards

Accessibility Testing Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: It’s important to test keyboard accessibility with a screen reader turned on.

A

True

there are subtle differences in keyboard behaviors when the screen reader is on

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2
Q

What do the terms MUST, SHOULD, and MAY refer to in the WCAG conformance guidelines?

A
  • MUST: Required
  • SHOULD: Strongly recommended
  • MAY: Optional or conditionally recommended
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3
Q

True or False: every page on a website must be tested for accessibility.

A

False

select a sample of pages that will be significantly representative of the entire site or application

How many pages need to be tested depends on the size of the site and the budget

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4
Q

List the 8 most important things to test, in order.

A
  1. Anything that occurs across the entire site, such as templates.
  2. Anything used to navigate, such as navigational menus.
  3. Anything used to accept payment or to commit the user (or organization) to a legal contract, such as Forms.
  4. Anything used during primary interaction with the site.
  5. Anything typically found to cause accessibility problems: Images, Forms, Tables, Frames, Interface Elements relying on client-side scripting, and Media.
  6. Anything typically used by persons with disabilities, such as site maps.
  7. Anything necessary for contacting the organization, such as contact forms and staff directories.
  8. Anything that gets a lot of traffic, such as the Home page or any of the pages that receive the top 80% of traffic.
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5
Q

Which type of content causes the most accessibility problems on the web?

A

images

  • does alt text exist (can be checked with automated tests)
  • is the alt text high quality (needs to be checked manually)
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6
Q

The first step to conducting web accessibility testing is:

A. Run automated tests
B. Define the scope of the test
C. Conduct manual testing
D. Plan for remediation of accessibility issues
E. Conduct regression testing

A

B. Define the scope of the test

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7
Q

What percentage of accessibility problems can be caught by automated testing?

A

30%

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8
Q

When beginning the actual testing process, what should testers do first?

A. Conduct keyboard accessibility testing
B. Check if color is used to convey meaning
C. Run an automated test
D. Test for form validation accessibility

A

C. Run an automated test

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9
Q

Your webpage has a set of radiobuttons for preferences. If you select the last radiobutton “other” focus is automatically moved to a text input where you can provide more information. All individual radiobuttons are labeled and the group as a whole has an associated label. Which, if any, WCAG violation applies?

A. 2.1.1 - Keyboard
B. 3.2.2 - Change on input
C. 2.4.3 - Focus order
D. None - this pattern is fully WCAG 2.1 AA conforming

A

B. 3.2.2 - Change on input

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10
Q

How can you navigate between headings using NVDA, JAWS, and VoiceOver?

A

NVDA & JAWS: type the letter H when in browse mode

VoiceOver: Ctrl + Opt + Cmd + h

You can also pull up a list of just the headings, and each screen reader has a slightly different way of doing that

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11
Q

What’s the built-in screen reader for iOS?

A

VoiceOver

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12
Q

What’s the built-in screen reader for Android?

A

TalkBack

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13
Q

True or False: You can customize web content to screen reader users by detecting which screen reader they’re using.

A

False

screen readers only interact with the browser, not the server, so there’s no way to detect it

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14
Q

Which phone is currently the most popular among blind users?
A. Windows Phone
B. iPhone
C. Android Phone
D. Blackberry Phone

A

B. iPhone

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15
Q

Which screen readers are available for Windows? (Select all that apply)
A. JAWS
B. VoiceOver
C. TalkBack
D. NVDA
E. Window-Eyes
F. C and D
G. A, D, and E

A

G. A, D, and E

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16
Q

True or False: When reading the number 300, if you hear VoiceOver say “Three zero zero” instead of “Three hundred”, it means you need to fix the way you wrote the number.

A

False

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17
Q

What do developers need to keep in mind about the virtual buffer of screen readers?

A. Blind users cannot access the virtual buffer
B. The virtual buffer is keyboard-accessible
C. There may be a delay between the time when an AJAX load event is complete and when the virtual buffer is updated
D. The virtual buffer must be invoked via JavaScript

A

C. There may be a delay between the time when an AJAX load event is complete and when the virtual buffer is updated

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18
Q

True or False: The only way a screen reader can read non-focusable content (e.g., paragraphs, headings, div elements, etc.) is to start at the beginning of the page and let the screen reader read everything on the page from beginning to end.

A

False

can be read in segments

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19
Q

True or False: Screen reader users sometimes explore forms by navigating through all the form fields before filling any of them out, to give them a better sense of what the form is like.

A

True

this is an issue if you validate on blur

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20
Q

How do you access forms mode on a screen reader?

A

put the keyboard focus on a form field

the form tag doesn’t trigger it automatically

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21
Q

What types of text will be read by screen readers when inside a form?

A
  • Form labels with the <label> tag.
  • Form labels with the aria-label attribute.
  • Form labels with the aria-labelledby attribute.
  • Text associated with form fields using the aria-describedby attribute (though there is a long delay in VoiceOver on Mac before that text is read).
  • The text in the <legend> of the <fieldset>.
  • The text inside links.
  • The text in any element with tabindex="0".
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22
Q

True or False: While navigating from cell to cell, the screen reader will read the table headers (if any) for that cell.

A

True

Screen readers typically only read the new header information. If you navigate across a row, the screen reader will read the row header on the first cell, but not on the subsequent cells. It will read the relevant column headers though, because those represent new information.

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23
Q

Which screen reader mode in NVDA allows users to type “H” to go to the next heading?

A. Browse or document mode
B. Focus mode
C. Application mode
D. Forms mode
E. Table navigation mode
F. Scan mode
G. Virtual cursor

A

A. Browse or document mode

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24
Q

True or false: VoiceOver on OSX does not differentiate between document/browse mode and focus mode

A

True

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25
Q

True or false: Non-focusable text (e.g., regular paragraphs, <div> elements, headings, etc.) are not available to NVDA users in focus mode.

A

True

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26
Q

Which browser is recommended for use with JAWS?

A. Chrome
B. Opera
C. Firefox
D. Safari
E. Edge

A

A. Chrome

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27
Q

When using JAWS, how do you navigate to the next item?

A. N
B. I
C. Down arrow
D. Up arrow
E. Ctrl + Shift N
F. Caps lock + down arrow
G. Insert + down arrow
H. Tab
I. Not available in JAWS

A

C. Down arrow

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28
Q

When using JAWS, how do you navigate to the next heading?

A. Ctrl + Alt + H
B. Ctrl + Shift H
C. Caps lock + H
D. Insert + H
E. H
F. G
G. Not available in JAWS

A

E. H

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29
Q

When using JAWS, how do you navigate to the next landmark region?

A. R
B. Ctrl + Alt + L
C. Ctrl + Shift R
D. Caps lock + L
E. Insert + R
F. L
G. Not available in JAWS

A

A. R

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30
Q

When using JAWS, how do you pull up the elements list?

A. E
B. Ctrl + Alt + E
C. Ctrl + Shift L
D. Caps lock + F3
E. Insert + F3
F. L
G. Not available in JAWS

A

E. Insert + F3

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31
Q

Which browser is recommended for use with NVDA?

A. Chrome
B. Opera
C. Firefox
D. Safari
E. Edge
F. Internet Explorer

A

C. Firefox

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32
Q

When using NVDA, how do you navigate to the next item?

A. N
B. I
C. Down arrow
D. Up arrow
E. Ctrl + Option + Command N
F. Caps lock + down arrow
G. Insert + down arrow
H. Tab
I. Not available in NVDA

A

C. Down arrow

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33
Q

When using NVDA, how do you navigate to the next heading?

A. Ctrl + Alt + H
B. Ctrl + Shift H
C. Caps lock + H
D. Insert + H
E. H
F. G
G. Not available in NVDA

A

E. H

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34
Q

When using NVDA, how do you navigate to the next landmark region?

A. D
B. Ctrl + Alt + L
C. Ctrl + Shift D
D. Caps lock + L
E. Insert + R
F. R
G. Not available in NVDA

A

A. D

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35
Q

When using NVDA, how do you pull up the list of links, headings, and landmarks?

A. E
B. Ctrl + Alt + E
C. Insert + F7
D. Ctrl + Shift F7
E. Caps lock + F3
F. Insert + F3
G. H
H. Not available in NVDA

A

C. Insert + F7

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36
Q

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you navigate to the next item?

A. Swipe left to right
B. Swipe right to left
C. Swipe down
D. Swipe up
E. Double tap the screen
F. Say “Siri, go to next item”
G. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

A

A. Swipe left to right

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37
Q

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you activate a link or a button?

A. Swipe left to right
B. Swipe right to left
C. Swipe down
D. Swipe up
E. Tap on the link or button
F. Double tap on the link or button
G. Double tap the screen anywhere
H. Say “Siri, activate”
I. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

A

G. Double tap the screen anywhere

38
Q

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you pull up the rotor?

A. Swipe left to right
B. Place one finger on the screen and rotate it
C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them
D. Place your mouth on the screen and rotate it
E. Swipe right to left
F. Swipe down
G. Swipe up
H. Double tap the screen
I. Say “Siri, show rotor”
J. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

A

C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them

39
Q

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how can you navigate to the next heading?

A. Swipe left to right
B. Set the rotor to navigate by headings, then swipe right
C. Swipe right to left
D. Set the rotor to navigate by headings, then swipe down
E. Swipe up
F. Double tap the screen
G. Say “Siri, go to next heading”
H. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

A

D. Set the rotor to navigate by headings, then swipe down

40
Q

When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you navigate by landmarks?

A. Swipe left to right
B. Set the rotor to navigate by landmarks, then swipe right
C. Swipe right to left
D. Set the rotor to navigate by landmarks, then swipe down
E. Swipe up
F. Double tap the screen
G. Say “Siri, go to next landmark”
H. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS

A

D. Set the rotor to navigate by landmarks, then swipe down

41
Q

When using TalkBack, how do you navigate to the next item?

A. Swipe right
B. Swipe left
C. Swipe down
D. Swipe up
E. Double tap the screen
F. Say “OK Google, go to next item”
G. Not available in TalkBack

A

A. Swipe right

42
Q

When using TalkBack, how do you activate a link or a button?

A. Swipe right
B. Swipe left
C. Swipe down
D. Swipe up
E. Tap on the link or button
F. Double tap on the link or button
G. Double tap the screen anywhere
H. Say “OK Google, activate”
I. Not available in TalkBack

A

G. Double tap the screen anywhere

43
Q

When using TalkBack, how do you pull up the TalkBack menu?

A. Swipe right
B. Place one finger on the screen and rotate it
C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them
D. Swipe down then right
E. Swipe down then up
F. Swipe left
G. Swipe down
H. Swipe up
I. Double tap the screen
J. Say “OK Google, show TalkBack menu”
K. Not available in TalkBack

A

D. Swipe down then right

44
Q

When using TalkBack, how do you cycle through the available reading controls?

A. Swipe right
B. Place one finger on the screen and rotate it
C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them
D. Swipe down then right
E. Swipe down then up
F. Swipe left
G. Swipe down
H. Swipe up
I. Double tap the screen
J. Say “OK Google, next reading control”
K. Not available in TalkBack

A

E. Swipe down then up

45
Q

When using VoiceOver in macOS, how do you navigate to the next item?

A. N
B. I
C. Down arrow
D. Up arrow
E. Ctrl + Option + Command N
F. Caps lock + down arrow
G. Shift + down arrow
H. Control + Option + right arrow
I. Not available in VoiceOver in macOS

A

H. Control + Option + right arrow

46
Q

When using VoiceOver in macOS, which of the following methods can NOT be used to navigate by headings?

A. Ctrl + Option + Command + H
B. Caps lock + H
C. Pull up the rotor, then use the left/right arrow keys to show the list of headings, then select the heading with the down arrow key

A

B. Caps lock + H

47
Q

When using VoiceOver in macOS, how do you navigate by landmarks?

A. Ctrl + Option + R
B. Ctrl + Option + Command + L
C. Caps lock + L
D. Pull up the rotor, then use the left/right arrow keys to show the list of landmarks, then select the heading with the down arrow key
E. L
F. Not available in VoiceOver in macOS

A

D. Pull up the rotor, then use the left/right arrow keys to show the list of landmarks, then select the heading with the down arrow key

48
Q

When using VoiceOver in macOS, how do you pull up the rotor?

A. R
B. Ctrl + Option + U
C. Insert + F7
D. Ctrl + Shift F7
E. Caps lock + F3
F. Shift + F3
G. U
H. Not available in VoiceOver in macOS

A

B. Ctrl + Option + U

49
Q

Which browser is recommended for use with Narrator?

A. Chrome
B. Opera
C. Firefox
D. Safari
E. Edge
F. Internet Explorer

A

E. Edge

50
Q

When using Narrator, how do you navigate to the next item?

A. N
B. I
C. Down arrow
D. Up arrow
E. Ctrl + Option + Command N
F. Caps lock + right arrow
G. Caps lock + down arrow
H. Tab
I. Not available in Narrator

A

F. Caps lock + right arrow

51
Q

When using Narrator, how do you activate scan mode?

A. Ctrl + Alt + S
B. Ctrl + Shift S
C. Caps lock + S
D. Insert + S
E. Space bar
F. Caps lock plus space bar
G. Not available in Narrator

A

F. Caps lock plus space bar

52
Q

When using Narrator, how do you navigate to the next heading (when in scan mode)?

A. Ctrl + Alt + H
B. Ctrl + Shift H
C. Caps lock + H
D. Insert + H
E. H
F. G
G. Not available in Narrator

A

E. H

53
Q

When using Narrator, how do you navigate to the next landmark region (when in scan mode)?

A. D
B. Ctrl + Alt + L
C. Ctrl + Shift D
D. Caps lock + L
E. Insert + R
F. R
G. Not available in Narrator

A

A. D

54
Q

When using Narrator, how do you go to the next cell in a table row?

A. T
B. Ctrl + Alt + C
C. Ctrl + Alt + Right arrow
D. Insert + T
E. Ctrl + Shift T
F. Caps lock + C
G. Insert + R
H. C
I. Not available in Narrator

A

C. Ctrl + Alt + Right arrow

55
Q

True or False: When text is embedded in an image, the alt text should include the exact text that is embedded in the image.

A

True

56
Q

Does placeholder text (in form fields) need to meet WCAG 2.0 SC 1.4.3 Color Contrast (Minimum) requirements?

A

Yes. Placeholder text is considered text. And all text (unless it is logo text, incidental text or text for an inactive control) must meet color contrast requirements.

57
Q

True or False: The purpose for each common input field that collects an individual’s personal data must be programmatically defined.

A

True

use the autocomplete attribute

58
Q

What is the difference between the normative parts of WCAG and the informative parts of WCAG?

A
  • Normative: Sets requirements for conforming to the standard.
  • Non-normative/Informative: Provides guidance but are NOT the standard.
59
Q

What parts of WCAG documentation are NOT normative?

A

the “How to Meet”, “Understanding” and “Technique” documents are informative and not required

60
Q

What’s the danger of testing with JAWS as the default desktop screen reader?

A

JAWS does not provide accurate results for the other high market share screen readers because JAWS tries to guess what authors meant.

NVDA is a better default.

61
Q

Name 8 user personas for accessibility.

A
  1. Without Perception of Color
  2. Limited Vision
  3. Without Vision
  4. Without Hearing
  5. Limited Manipulation
  6. Limited Reach and Strength
  7. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  8. Learning Difficulties and Dyslexia
62
Q

NVDA command to read next item

A

Down Arrow

63
Q

NVDA command to show list of all links, headings, form fields, buttons, and landmarks

A

Insert + F7

64
Q

NVDA command to navigate table cells

A

Ctrl + Alt + Arrow Keys

65
Q

NVDA command to go to next list

A

L

66
Q

NVDA command to go to next list item

A

I

67
Q

NVDA command to go to next image

A

G

68
Q

NVDA command to go to next link

A

K

69
Q

NVDA command to go to next landmark

A

D

70
Q

JAWS command to go to next landmark

A

R

71
Q

JAWS command to go to main content region

A

Q

72
Q

JAWS command to show list of all buttons, frames, graphics, lists,
and links

A

Insert + F3

73
Q

JAWS command to show list of all headings

A

Insert + F6

74
Q

JAWS command to show list of all links

A

Insert + F7

75
Q

VO iOS command to read next item

A

Swipe right

76
Q

VO iOS command to activate a link or button

A

double-tap

77
Q

VO iOS command to go to next heading, landmark, etc.

A

Rotor, swipe down

78
Q

VO iOS command to go to next image

A

Rotor, swipe right

79
Q

VO iOS command to go to next focusable item

A

Swipe right

80
Q

VO Mac command to go to next heading

A

Control + Option + Command + H

81
Q

VO Mac command to navigate table cells

A

Control + Option + Arrow keys

82
Q

VO Mac command to go to next link

A

Control + Option + Command + L

83
Q

VO Mac command to go to next form element

A

Control + Option + Command + J

84
Q

VO Mac command to go to next list

A

Control + Option + Command + X

85
Q

VO Mac command to activate a link or form control

A

Control + Option + Space Bar

86
Q

Narrator command to read next item

A

Caps Lock + Right Arrow

87
Q

Narrator command to list all headings

A

Caps Lock + F6

88
Q

Narrator command to go to next landmark

A

D

89
Q

Narrator command to go to main content

A

Caps Lock + N

90
Q

What will happen when you swipe left while visiting a web page on an iPhone, with VoiceOver turned on?

A. The previous page visited will appear.
B. The previous focusable element will receive focus.
C. The previous sentence read will be read again.
D. The previous app used will appear.

A

B. The previous focusable element will receive focus.

91
Q

Which keystrokes should you press to prompt VoiceOver to read continuously?

A. VO + A
B. VO + Enter
C. VO + down arrow
D. VO + Tab

A

A. VO + A

92
Q

What keystrokes should you press to turn NVDA on?

A. Alt + N
B. Insert + Q
C. Control + Alt + Tab
D. Control + Alt + N

A

D. Control + Alt + N

Web Accessibility Exam Prep (9 decks)

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