Academic writing

Question 1

What are the three parts in a paragraph?

Answer 1

Topic sentence, supporting sentence, concluding sentence

Question 2

What is hedging?

Answer 2

Expressing uncertainty when necessary.

Question 3

What is academic language?

Name 5 adjectives

Answer 3

1. Formal
2. Objective
3. Concise
4. Cautious
5. Precise

Question 4

What must all sentences in English have?
| Name 5.

Answer 4

1. A subject
2. A verb
3. A complete thought
4. A capital letter at the beginning
5. A form of punctuation (. ? !) at the end

Question 5

What is IMRaD?

Answer 5

1. Introduction
   Goal, motivation, background
2. Methods
   How was the study done?
3. Results
   What did they find?
4. Discussion
   What does this mean? Why was this important? How can this be used?

Question 6

What are ways to avoid using “I” in an academic text?

Answer 6

1. Use active voice instead of passive
2. Avoid third person
3. Avoid anthropomorphism (this experiment makes)
4. Don’t use “we” when writing a paper by yourself

Question 7

What is a funnel structure?

Answer 7

It goes from broad to specific, more important to less important.

Question 8

Where should a funnel structure be applied in a text?

Answer 8

• Introduction sections
• Within paragraphs
• Conclusion
• Discussion = reverse funnel

Question 9

Where should a chronological structure be used?

Answer 9

• Method and results
• Abstract
• Conclusion

Question 10

What does BLUF mean when writing topic sentences?

Answer 10

Bottom
Line
Up
Front

Question 11

What is the Known-New Contract?

Answer 11

A writing strategy to help make writing more cohesive.

One part references something that is already known, and one part is new.

Question 12

What is signposting?

Answer 12

Using words that explain the connection between sentences.

Examples: on the other hand…, similarly…., likewise…., therefore…

Question 13

What 4 types of sentences are there?

Answer 13

1. Simple (one independent clause)
2. Compound (two or more independent clauses joined together)
3. Complex (one independent clause with one or more dependent clauses)
4. Compound-complex (at least three clauses, two independent, one dependent)

Question 14

How should compound sentences be constructed?

Answer 14

Always need a comma and a coordinating conjunction:
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (fanboys)

Question 15

How should complex sentences be constructed?

Answer 15

Dependent clause first: use comma
Independent first: no comma

Question 16

What are 5 common errors when constructing sentences?

Answer 16

1. Sentence fragments (missing verb or subject)
2. Choppy (too short)
3. Run-on (combine independent without conjunction)
4. Comma-splice (comma used, but no conjunction)
5. Stringy (too long)