Academic P.E. key terms Flashcards
to memorise all definitions
Latissimus Dorsi
lower back
Trapezius
upper back
erector spinae
lower-back muscle;
maintains posture and body position
smooth muscle
spindled shaped, occurs in walls of internal organs, involuntary
cardiac muscle
Striated, Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
skeletal muscle
Attached to skeleton, striated and voluntary
Aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Anaerobic
glucose –> lactic acid + energy
effects of lactic acid
muscle pain, sorenessm aching
abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
pathway of air
nasal cavities, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
description of passageway of air
enters through nasal passage, travels down trachea, branches off into left and right bronchi, moves into bronchioles, reaches alveoli where gaseous exchange occurs
where does gasesous exchange occur
Alveolj
Determinants of VO2 max
Training, Lifestyle, age, gender, genetics
Characteristic of alveoli
vast surface area (specialised shape), One cell thick, Moist lining, big network of capillaries, capillary lining is one cell thick, Alveoli is well ventialted
Tidal volume
volume of air inhaled during normal breathing
Minute Ventilation (VE)
Volume of air inspired or expired per minute
Vital capacity
The total volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation.
Residual Volume
Volume of air left after breathing out
Plasma
helps blood flow (viscosity), aids in passing of nutrients, gases and waste products
White blood cells
fights infection- not necessarily diseases
Platelets
causes blood clots
red blood cells
transports oxygen, contain haemoglobin
Arteries
carry blood away from the heart, They are thick, example is aorta
Capillaries
tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, Thin, and many of them
veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, example is vena cava
right autricle
top right of heart, but likes like left if you are looking at it
left autricle
top left of heart but looks like right
right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, bottom right, looks like left
left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to the lungs, bottom left, looks like right
co-ordination definition
moving different parts of your body effieciently and with control
accuracy definition
Being able to move precisely
fluent definition
using movements that are quick and smooth
consistent definition
performing to a high level for a long period of time
aesthetic definition
looks good to the spectator, judge, etc.
Ligaments
connect joints together, joint to joint.
tendons
pull bones for movement, connect muscle to bone
1st class lever
E.F.L- effort, fulcrum, load example: the neck holding up the head
2nd class lever
E.L.F- effort, load, fulcrum- real life example: plantar flexion
3rd class lever
F.E.L- fulcrum,effort,load- real life example: a bicep curl
Antagonistic pair at shoulder
Deltoids & Latissimus Dorsi
Antagonistic pair at Hips
Gluteus maximus & hip flexors
Antagonistic pair at ankle
gastrocnemius-plantar flexion & tibialis anterior-dorsi flexion.
Antagonistic pair at Elbow
biceps-flexion of elbow
& triceps-extension of elbow
Sagittal Plane
goes down the middle of your body, cuts you in half left to right, with a frontal axis.
Frontal Plane
cuts you, dividing your front and back, with a sagittal axis
Transverse Plane
cuts you up and down- has a verical axis.
Skill-related fitness components
Speed, Power, Agility
,Balance, Co-ordination, Reaction time
Health Related Fitness components
cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, Muscular strength, flexibility, body composition
The vertebrae
7 bones are cervical, 12 are Thoracic, 5 are lumber, 3/4 are coccyx, and 5 are sacrum.
3 classifications of joints
Fixed/immovable/fibrous joint, Slightly moveable/cartilaginous joint, & Freely moveable/synovial joint
Ball and socket joint
can move in all directions. examples: Hips, shoulders, used when serving in tennis.
Condyloid joint
examples: wrists, ankles.
Pivot Joint
examples: neck and atlas and axis bones.
Hinge Joint
Knee, Elbow used when bending/ straightening arm for a shot in basketball.
Saddle Joint
examples : Base of thumb only
examples of Freely moveable joints.
hip, shoulder, knee, elbow, ankle
explain what tendons do
Tendons connect muscle to bone, Therefore, they enable muscles to pull on bones, Using them as levers, creating movement of joints.
examples of slightly moveable joints
vertebrae
examples of Fixed Joints
Cranium
Voluntary muscles definition
muscles under our control so we can move these muscles when we want to. These are the muscles we use to make all the movements needed in physical activity and sport
Antagonistic pair at knee
Hamstrings, Quadriceps.
Pectorals
They control the adduction of the arms
roles of Involuntary muscles during excercise
Circulation, breathing, and thermoregulation and Digestive system: allows nutrients to be used efficiently during exercise and direction of blood flow.
