Academic Competences

Question 1

What is synthesis?

Answer 1

To combine multiple sources.

Question 2

What is a summary?

Answer 2

To summarize key findings in ONE source.

Question 3

What is an abstract?

Answer 3

A short description of purpose and general specification of the essence of the paper.

Question 4

What is the search method “snowball” (backwards)?

Answer 4

Using references in a good-fit article.

Question 5

What is citation searching (forwards)?

Answer 5

Using articles which used your good-fit article.

Question 6

What is the systematic search method?

Answer 6

Search terms in search engines.

• Expand is to add search terms;
• Limit is to exclude search terms;
• Filtering.

Question 7

How should you be processing a paper?

Answer 7

Read the paper; test inferences/annotate/follow a though proces.

Seek out relevant information.

Form a basic understanding.

Develop arguments.

Understand the essence of the paper.

Question 8

Name the five steps of a search strategy.

Answer 8

1. Identify search words.
2. Use your search words:
   
   • Select databases;
   • Select range of publication;
   • Search in particular field (title, abstract)
3. Connect words:
   
   • OR –> same meaning
   • AND –> respresent main ideas in
     question.
   • NOT –> exclude words.
4. Use search tricks:
   
   • Parentheses (brackets)
   • Truncation (*)
   • Phrase searching (“ “)
   • Wildcards (?)
   • Proximity (w/#)
5. Citation search or snowballing.

Question 9

Finish the phrase (2 items).

A good research question is:

Answer 9

• Theoretical
  (context, conceptualization, ​relationship).
• Practical
  ​(relationship, implication

Question 10

What is citing?

Answer 10

Summarize, paraphrase or use your own words.

Question 11

What is quoting?

Answer 11

Exactly copying others’ words.

Question 12

Why do you conduct quantative research?

Answer 12

Testing theory and hypothesis.

To establish generalizable facts.

Question 13

Why do you conduct qualitative research?

Answer 13

To explore ideas and formulate hypothesis.

To understand a topic.

Question 14

What is a descriptive research design?

Answer 14

Case studies.

Surveys.

Question 15

What is a correlational research design?

Answer 15

Case-control studies.

Observational study.

Question 16

What is an experimental research design?

Answer 16

Field-, lab- or controlled experiment.

Question 17

What is a review research design?

Answer 17

Systematic literature review.

Scoping review.

Question 18

What is a meta-analytic research design?

Answer 18

Meta analysis (an analysis that combines multiple research papers).

Question 19

What is primary data?

Answer 19

Data collected for the purpose of your study.

Question 20

What is secundary data?

Answer 20

Available data, but originally collected for other purposes (both internal and external secundary data exist).

Question 21

Name three forms of quantitative primary data.

Answer 21

Surveys, experiments and database study.

Question 22

Name three forms of qualitative primary data.

Answer 22

Focus groups, interviews and observations.

Question 23

Name four forms of probability sampling and explain them.

Answer 23

Simple random sampling.
Systematic sampling.
Stratified sampling.
Cluster sampling.

Question 24

Name four forms of non-probability sampling and explain.

Answer 24

Convenience sampling.
Voluntary sampling.
Purposive sampling.
Snowball sampling.

Question 25

What is data analysis?

Answer 25

Transforming data into information and interpret the information to draw conclusions.

Question 26

Name three forms of a data analysis of qualitative data.

Answer 26

Clean data.
Descriptive data.
Inferantial statistics.

Question 27

Name two forms of data analysisis in qualitative data.

Answer 27

Transcript of interviews.

• Coding –> categorizing of data;
• Identifying themes;
• Summarizing data.

Analysis techniques.
- Content-, thematic-, or narrative analysis.