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academic Flashcards

1
Q

incite

A

urge or persuade (someone) to act in a violent or unlawful way: he incited loyal subjects to rebellion.

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2
Q

prompt

A

cause or bring about (an action or feeling, give reason): his death has prompted an industry-wide investigation of safety violations.

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3
Q

induce

A

succeed in persuading or influencing (someone) to do something: [ with obj. and infinitive ] : the pickets induced many workers to stay away.

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4
Q

breed

A

cause (something) to happen or occur, typically over a period of time: success breeds confidence.

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5
Q

cause

A

usually with negative results and situations (without people)

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6
Q

produce

A

usually deal with more concrete results (with people)

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7
Q

give sb

A

as for positive and negative. (without people) inf

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8
Q

provoke

A

for negative response

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9
Q

precipitate/spark off

A

quickly/suddenly caused

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10
Q

bring about

A

inf

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11
Q

result in

A

form

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12
Q

generate

A

forced to do more than usual +computer language

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13
Q

recorded sightings

A

times seen that have been officially written down

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14
Q

sustain

A

keep alive or supported

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15
Q

rodents

A

small animals

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16
Q

expenditure

A

spending

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17
Q

factor

A

multiplicator

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18
Q

aggregate

A

n. total, v add up all

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19
Q

a blip

A

temporary change

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20
Q

a continuum

A

something that changes gradually without distinct divisions

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21
Q

a correlation between

A

connection between

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22
Q

deviate

A

move from standard pattern

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23
Q

a discrepancy between

A

difference between two things that should be the same

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24
Q

erratic

A

adj not regular and often changing suddenly

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25
Q

flawed

A

inaccurate

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26
Q

a five-fold increase

A

multiplied by the stated number

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27
Q

(be) in inverse proportion

A

in opposite proportion

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28
Q

(be) inconsistent with

A

not in agreement with

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29
Q

seesawed

A

went up and down

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30
Q

ancestor

A

my ancestor Admiral Anson circumnavigated the globe 250 years ago

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31
Q

descend from

A

be a direct blood relative of (a specified, typically illustrious ancestor)

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32
Q

the brink of

A

a point at which something, typically something unwelcome, is about to happen

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33
Q

tenuous

A

very weak or slight

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34
Q

attenuate

A

reduce the force, effect, or value of; reduce the amplitude of (a signal, electric current, or other oscillation)

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35
Q

from scratch

A

from the very beginning, esp. without utilizing or relying on any previous work for assistance

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36
Q

compared to

A

graph

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37
Q

predominated with %

A

be bigger

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38
Q

as opposed to

A

rather than

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39
Q

stand at

A

reach

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40
Q

plunge

A

drop

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41
Q

peak

A

opposite dip

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42
Q

a ballpark figure

A

rough

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43
Q

tot everything up

A

add up

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44
Q

variable

A

x

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45
Q

round things down/up

A

math

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46
Q

tally with

A

match or agree with: her complains tally with the comments we have received…

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47
Q

concur with

A

share/agree with an idea/opinion: hit opinion concurs with the general opinion…

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48
Q

be/find yourself in (full) accord with

A

be in complete agreement with

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49
Q

coincide with

A

be the same as: your views coincide with mine on the question of…

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50
Q

conform to

A

fit in with: his ideas do not conform to the general definition

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51
Q

approve of

A

think something is right or good: my parents approve of my choice…

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52
Q

dissent (n)

A

opposition to the accepted way of thinking:a lot of dissent within the party on the issue

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53
Q

discord (n)

A

lack of agreement or harmony: the political discord of the 1980 resulted in a war

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54
Q

rift (n)

A

disagreement: the growing rift in party over defence policy is…

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55
Q

split (n)

A

a major split in party resulted in several ministers resigning

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56
Q

division (n)

A

more abstract and formal than split (count&uncount)

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57
Q

reach a compromise to the plan

A

compromise

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58
Q

to compromise on

A

compromise

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59
Q

make several concessions on the issue

A

accept some of the demands of

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60
Q

reach a settlement

A

reach a decision

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61
Q

exercise some discretion

A

be sensitive, use judgement

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62
Q

Positive and negative outcomes

A

Writing

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63
Q

the obvious argument in its favour is

A

Writing

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64
Q

there are, however, some disadvantages

A

Writing

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65
Q

To sum up,

A

Overall

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66
Q

well-grounded

A

Considered

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67
Q

When you gard is down

A

Speaking

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68
Q

Edible

A

Able to eat

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69
Q

Fossil fuel

A

Oil, gas, coal

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70
Q

Deter crime

A

Make it less intensive

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71
Q

X is then done

A

Passive

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72
Q

Soak

A

Make thoroughly wet by immersing it in liquid

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73
Q

Rinse

A

Wash with clean water to remove dirt

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74
Q

Slice

A

Cut thinly

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75
Q

Peel

A

To remove a skin

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76
Q

Drain (off)

A

Remove liquid

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77
Q

Sieve

A

Drushlag

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78
Q

Waste disposal bins

A

Damp

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79
Q

Recyclable

A

Can be recycled

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80
Q

Under threat from

A

Writing

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81
Q

Soil

A

Useful ground

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82
Q

In danger of

A

Writing

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83
Q

Habit

A

Think that we sually do

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84
Q

At risk

A

Writing

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85
Q

Item

A

Unit (ac)

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86
Q

Worthwhile / advantageous

A

Useful

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87
Q

Pointless / futile / fruitless

A

Useless

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88
Q

Conceivable / feasible / viable / achievable

A

Possible

89
Q

Unattainable / impracticable / unfeasible

A

Impossible

90
Q

Liable / probable

A

Likely

91
Q

Improbable / questionable / doubtful

A

Unlikely

92
Q

Biodiversity

A

Plants and animals exist

93
Q

Contaminate

A

Make sth less pure or make it poisonous

94
Q

Deforestation

A

Cutting trees

95
Q

Emission

A

Writing

96
Q

Exhaust (n)

A

Waste gas

97
Q

Drought

A

Long period when there is no rain

98
Q

Pristine

A

Unspoiled

99
Q

Vital

A

Crucial

100
Q

Unprecedented

A

Unparalleled

101
Q

Devastating

A

Extremely harmful

102
Q

Insoluble

A

Insurmountable

103
Q

Immune

A

Unaffected

104
Q

Pervasive / omnipresent

A

Spreading widely throughout sth

105
Q

Inevitably / inexorably

A

Unavoidably

106
Q

Chronic (aj)

A

Persistent

107
Q

Taxing

A

Challenging

108
Q

Yield

A

Produce or provide

109
Q

Thereby

A

As a result of that

110
Q

Affect

A

Influence in a bad way

111
Q

Depth / width / length

A

Size

112
Q

(With) ease

A

Opp difficulty

113
Q

Clarity

A

Noun for clear

114
Q

ContrOversy

A

Disagreement

115
Q

Itch / scratch

A

After you was bitten by a bee

116
Q

Swell up

A

Become bigger

117
Q

Inflammation, becomes inflamed

A

Becomes red, swell up

118
Q

Pass on contagious disease

A

Writing

119
Q

Abate

A

Become less intense or wide, reduce

120
Q

abide by sth

A

Obey sth or accept

121
Q

Property

A

Attribute, characteristic, feature

122
Q

Comprise

A

Consist of (that comprise it)

123
Q

Subtly

A

So delicate or precise as to be difficult to analyze or describe

124
Q

crack up

A

laugh very strongly

125
Q

traffic congestion

A

heavy traffic

126
Q

feel pressurized

A

be under stress

127
Q

obese (adj) obesity (n)

A

fat

128
Q

a solution is for sb to do sth

A

writing

129
Q

this problem could be solved by -ing

A

writing

130
Q

to tackle (handle/deal with/cope with) this problem,

A

writing

131
Q

the way forward might be to do

A

writing

132
Q

bring in a law to do sth

A

writing

133
Q

be made compulsory

A

have to obey

134
Q

allocate more resources to

A

writing

135
Q

charge sb for sth

A

writing

136
Q

this is to say, / in other words,

A

writing

137
Q

this is because / the reason is

A

writing

138
Q

means that

A

writing

139
Q

As a result, / as a consequence, / therefore,

A

writing

140
Q

otherwise

A

in the other case

141
Q

gulp down

A

swallow quickly

142
Q

acquire

A

to get sth

143
Q

affect

A

have an effect upon

144
Q

appropriate (v)

A

take sth without permission; give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

145
Q

fulfill

A

bring to completion or reality; achieve or realize

146
Q

commission (v)

A

charge with a task

147
Q

subsequent / consequent

A

writing

148
Q

conduct (v)

A

You cannot conduct business like this; take somebody somewhere

149
Q

subsequent

A

next; happening after sth else

150
Q

consequent

A

happening as a result of sth

151
Q

construct (n)

A

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

152
Q

devise

A

plan or invent (a complex procedure, system, or mechanism) by careful thought

153
Q

distinct (adj)

A

(often followed by `from’) not alike; different in nature or quality

154
Q

equate (v)

A

consider (one thing) to be the same as or equivalent to another: customers equate their name with quality

155
Q

feature

A

a prominent attribute or aspect of something; a distinctive characteristic

156
Q

occur

A

happen; exist

157
Q

institute (v)

A

set up or lay the groundwork for

158
Q

participate

A

share in something; be involved in

159
Q

perceive

A

to become aware of through the senses

160
Q

primary

A

of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary; basic

161
Q

purchase

A

writing

162
Q

it was going to take in the region of two or three months to finish the job

A

writing

163
Q

about matters relevant to her own research

A

writing

164
Q

reside

A

ive (in a certain place); be inherent or innate in

165
Q

select (adj)

A

of superior grade

166
Q

site (v)

A

to exist or be build in a particular place

167
Q

survey

A

look carefully and thoroughly at; examine and record the area and features of

168
Q

alter

A

change

169
Q

approximately

A

roughly

170
Q

exceed

A

surpass

171
Q

halve

A

1/2

172
Q

hovering at around

A

fluctuate near

173
Q

meanwhile

A

in the same time

174
Q

from this point onwards

A

ahead

175
Q

at this point

A

writing

176
Q

fairly

A

actually

177
Q

reversed

A

writing

178
Q

…. are, in order, …

A

writing

179
Q

the first and the second most… are …, respectively

A

writing

180
Q

joined sixth position

A

writing

181
Q

undergo a number of different processes

A

experience or be subjected to (something, typically something unpleasant, painful, or arduous)

182
Q

heap

A

put in a pile or mound

183
Q

ripe

A

(of fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating

184
Q

circumstance

A

a fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action

185
Q

consent

A

(v) give permission for something to happen; (n) permission to do something

186
Q

considerable

A

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

187
Q

deduce (v)

A

reason by deduction; establish by deduction, conclude by reasoning; in logic

188
Q

framework

A

the underlying structure

189
Q

imply

A

suggest (something) as a logical consequence: the forecasted traffic increase implied more roads and more air pollution

190
Q

negate

A

make ineffective; deny the existence of (something)

191
Q

specify

A

identify clearly and definitely

192
Q

sufficient

A

enough; adequate

193
Q

technique

A

a way of carrying out a particular task

194
Q

valid

A

having a sound basis in logic or fact; reasonable or cogent

195
Q

volume

A

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

196
Q

plummeted, hitting a low-point of 2 in time

A

writing

197
Q

the figure for the…

A

writing

198
Q

it ended the year at …

A

writing

199
Q

remained fairly stable, hovering at around …

A

writing

200
Q

Cramped

A

Small (room)

201
Q

butt in (out)

A

interrupt (command to finish)

202
Q

obscure

A

not discovered, uncertain

203
Q

as for my hobbies…

A

speaking (additional)

204
Q

cowardly

A

lacking courage

205
Q

coy

A

reluctant to give details, esp. about something regarded as sensitive

206
Q

overhear / eavesdrop

A

hear by chance/ on purpose

207
Q

to grumble

A

complain or protest about something in a bad-tempered but typically muted way

208
Q

chat up

A

to flirt

209
Q

witter on

A

talk around

210
Q

bicker

A

argue extremely

211
Q

compel

A

to force someone to do sth

212
Q

Insulation

A

Covered by sth to stop heat, sound, electricity

213
Q

heed

A

pay attention to; take notice of: he should have heeded the warnings

214
Q

exaggerate

A

make large than it is

215
Q

irrelevant

A

does not relate to a real situation

216
Q

Amateur (adj or noun)

A

Taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job

218
Q

Repercussion

A

A lasting bad effect of an action

219
Q

compound (n)

A

a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts

ielts (5 decks)

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