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Criminology - Unit 4 > AC3.1 > Flashcards

AC3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Aims of the Police?

A

The aims of the police are to protect the public by keeping peace and bringing offenders to justice

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2
Q

What does the PACE act give the police rights to do?

A

The PACE act gives the police the right to stop and search, detain, interview and arrest.

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3
Q

How does the PACE act aid the police to keep social control?

A

PACE is important to help safeguard the public and it allows the police to meet their aims and objectives.

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4
Q

How are the Police Funded?

A

2/3 of the funds comes from the government and the rest comes from general taxation.

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5
Q

How is the way police are funded help achieve social control?

A

Police being funded by the government means that the police are funded by the state and are therefore answerable to by the state. They have to justify their actions.

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6
Q

How have cuts in funding affected the Police?

A

The police now can’t deal with as many crimes. There has been a loss of expertise and the quality of policing has decreased.

Between 2011-2016, there was a 20% cut in funding which has resulted in 40,000 cut in staff.

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7
Q

What are the Police’s Duties and how do they achieve Social Control?

A

PATROL AREAS - visual presence to deter criminals & reassure the public.
FINES AND WARNINGS - litter, seatbelt, phone while driving - fear of punishment & deterrence.
STOP AND SEARCHES - deters people from carrying illegal items.
ARRESTS - police stations for questioning.
OUTREACH - connect with the community- deterrence.
PAPERWORK - record of offences - build a picture of people.

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8
Q

What are 2 examples of Police Teams?

A

CEOP - child exploitation online protection which is a rising issue as people can be whoever online.

SO15 - Terrorism - specialise - predict future attacks

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9
Q

What are the aims of the CPS?

A

The CPS is set up to stop bias from police under the prosecution of offences act 1985

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10
Q

What are the Duties of the CPS?

A

Their duties are to prosecute all kinds of crime except the very minor ones
Advise the police on evidence and lines of enquiry
Do a full code test on all of the evidence

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11
Q

How are the CPS funded?

A

most of the funding comes from the government through general taxation.

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12
Q

What kind of offenders do the CPS deal with?

A

they deal with all range of offenders for a range of offences.

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13
Q

What kind of reach do the CPS have?

A

the CPS have a national reach.
They have 14 regional officers that cover england and wales.

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14
Q

How do the CPS achieve Social Control?

A

offenders will receive consequences and create consistency and deters criminals (fear of punishment)

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15
Q

What are the Guides of the CPS?

A

Decisions will be free from bias
Accountable to parliament and public in order to maintain trust

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16
Q

What are the aims of the Judiciary?

A

Aims are to interpret and apply the law.
In the Crown Court, the judge must manage the trial, explain the law to the jury and passes the sentence.
In the Appeal court, they make rulings on the appeals.

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17
Q

What are the guidelines of the Judiciary?

A

must ensure fairness, must be impartial and must be consistent.

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18
Q

How does the Judiciary ensure social control?

A

Through consistency, this ensures social control throughout the nation through using judge made laws throughout all courts.

19
Q

What is the salary of the Judiciary based on?

A

The pay of the judiciary is based on advice from the independent body called the review body of senior salaries (SSRB)

20
Q

What kind of offenders do the Judiciary deal with?

A

they deal with more serious offenders who’s case is held in the crown court.

21
Q

What is the reach of the Judiciary?

A

National Reach - crown courts are in cities all over the UK

22
Q

How are Prisons Funded?

A

funded by the government out of general taxation.
Cuts in funding mean the public are not being protected from offenders.
acts as less of a deterrent.

23
Q

What are the 4 types of Prisons?

A

A - High Risk, Dangerous if escaped (closed & EG Murder)

B - Don’t require maximum security but escape needs to be made difficult (closed)

C - Cannot be trusted in open conditions and are unlikely to try and escape (closed)

D - can be reasonably trusted not to escape (open)

24
Q

What type of offenders to the Prisons deal with?

A

high risk offenders that are seen as a risk to the public

25
Q

What are statistics of the police that occurred due to cuts in funding?

A

in 2018, the total budget is £3 billion lowe than in 2016.

This resulted in a 15% fall in police officers.

26
Q

What are the working practices in prisons ?

(total prisons)

A

in 2019, there were a total of 121 prisons that were holding around 80,000 prisoners at any one time.

106 were government run
15 were private run by 3 private companies - Sodexo, G4S and Serco

27
Q

What are the 3 levels of prisons?
(behaviour Principle)

A

Basic Level - for prisoners who have not abided by the behaviour principle.

Standard Level - for prisoners who adequately abide by the behaviour principle.

Enhanced Level - exceed the standard level of abiding by the behaviour principle.

28
Q

What can behaviour principles create in prisons?

A

Behaviour Principles can create control in prisons.

29
Q

What do the NPS reduce the likelihood of?

A

reduces likelihood of people committing further offences.

30
Q

Who are offender behaviour programmes aimed for (NPS)?

A

aimed at offenders who commit the same crime over

31
Q

What are some statistics on how effective the NPS is?

A
  • the more they work with drug users, the less likely they are to re offend - less victims.
  • if you send someone to prison for 3 months, their likelihood of committing more crime goes up. However, if sent to NPS, it goes down.
32
Q

How is the NPS funded?

A
  • funded through taxation
33
Q

Explain the CRC for the NPS

A
  • The community rehabilitation companies used to exist.
  • These were private businesses that had a contract with the ministry of Justice to provide probation service.
  • 19 out of 21 missed their target for reducing offending.
  • In 2018, up to £342m had been spent on CRC’s without clear benefits.
    From 2020, the government ended all private sector contracts.
34
Q

Why were charities set up?

A

set up to help those in need

35
Q

Why were pressure groups set up?

A

to campaign to achieve change

36
Q

What are both charities and pressure groups?

A

they are both voluntary organisations that are independent of government control

37
Q

What are charities and pressure groups aims?

A

promote the interests & welfare of the people they are concerned with such as ex offenders or victims of crime.

38
Q

What is NACRO?

A

NACRO (national association for the care & resettlement of offenders) founded in 1966.

This organisation is a combination of the 2 roles.

39
Q

What does NACRO describe itself as?

A

A social justice charity seeking to change lives, strengthen communities and prevent crime.
It aims to overcome the stereotype view of the ex-prisoner.

40
Q

What services does NACRO provide?

A
  • Housing - Houses over 3000 tenants
  • Education - in 2018, 4900 ex prisoners studied through NACRO
  • Resettlement
  • Advice
41
Q

What is one of NACRO’s campaigns and what was its aims?

A

Ban the Box

Campaign to reform the rehabilitation of offenders act 1974 and criminal record checks.

Aims to enable people with convictions to compete for jobs by removing the tick box on criminal convictions which appears unnecessarily on many job application forms.

42
Q

How is NACRO funded?

A

Its funding comes from public donations, Government grants and contracts for providing services for ex-offenders & others.

NACRO has an income of around £50 million a year.

43
Q

Who does NACRO work with (working practices)?

A

Range of ex offenders including those released from prison.
Young People at risk of re-offending such as those excluded from mainstream school.

44
Q

What reach does NACRO have?

A

It is a national organisation with local activities and projects in around 50 different parts of England & Wales at any one time.

Criminology - Unit 4 (2 decks)

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