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adult care 3 > AC3 Exam 1 > Flashcards

AC3 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heart rate range for SVT?

A

100-280 bpm

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2
Q

What must be done quickly to prevent further issues in SVT?

A

Fix poor cardiac output

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3
Q

What are some potential causes of SVT?

A
  • Drugs
  • Stress
  • Caffeine
  • Nicotine
  • Alcohol
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4
Q

What is the first management step for SVT?

A

Valsalva maneuvers

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5
Q

What medication is commonly used to treat SVT?

A

Adenosine

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6
Q

What is the initial dose of Adenosine for SVT?

A

6 mg

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7
Q

What is the goal of SVT treatment?

A

Decrease ventricular rate, treat the cause, convert back to NSR

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8
Q

What is Paroxysmal SVT?

A

Sudden start, sudden stop, no interventions necessary

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9
Q

What does PVC stand for?

A

Premature Ventricular Contractions

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10
Q

What are some causes of PVCs?

A
  • MI
  • CHF
  • COPD
  • Anemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
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11
Q

When should you be concerned about PVCs?

A

6 or more in a strip

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12
Q

What is the heart rate range for VT?

A

140-180 bpm

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13
Q

What defines sustained VT?

A

> 15-30 seconds

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14
Q

What is a common cause of VT?

A

MI

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15
Q

What is the management for stable VT?

A
  • O2
  • EKG
  • Amiodarone
  • Lidocaine
  • Radiofrequency ablation
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16
Q

What should be done for pulseless VT?

A
  • Start CPR
  • Defibrillate
  • Administer Epinephrine
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17
Q

What is VF?

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of VF?

A

No pulses, no RR, no perfusion, no cardiac output

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of VF?

A

CAD

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20
Q

What is the management for VF?

A

Defibrillate the VFib

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21
Q

What is the PR interval duration for first degree AV block?

A

> 0.20 seconds

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22
Q

What is the treatment for first degree AV block?

A

Treat the underlying cause

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23
Q

What characterizes Type 1 second degree AV block (Wenckebach)?

A

Longer, longer, DROP

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24
Q

What is the treatment for symptomatic Type 2 second degree AV block (Mobitz 2)?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Atropine
  • Epinephrine
  • Transcutaneous pacing
  • Permanent pacemaker
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25
What is the treatment for third degree AV block?
Permanent pacemaker needed
26
What is Asystole?
No ventricular rhythm
27
What is the first treatment for Asystole?
CPR
28
What is Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Unstable angina and MI
29
What is a major risk factor for Acute Coronary Syndrome?
* Obesity * High cholesterol diet * Hypertension * Hyperglycemia * Family history
30
What medication is used to bust clots in Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Aspirin
31
What is the management for chronic stable angina?
Rest and Nitroglycerin
32
What is the maximum number of Nitroglycerin doses a patient can take before calling 911?
3 doses
33
What is the management for unstable angina?
Go to hospital and get monitored
34
What medications are given for a myocardial infarction?
* Morphine * Oxygen * Nitroglycerin * Aspirin/antiplatelet
35
What is the post-procedure care after cardiac catheterization?
Best rest for 6 hours
36
What are the signs of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?
* Pain * Pallor * Pulselessness * Paresthesia * Paralysis * Poikilothermia
37
What is a common management strategy for Peripheral Venous Disease (PVD)?
Compression stockings
38
What is a major complication of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?
Life-threatening blood loss
39
What is the primary risk factor for endocarditis?
IV drug use
40
What are common symptoms of endocarditis?
* New murmurs * Weight loss * Heart failure * Osler's nodes * Janeway lesions * Splinter hemorrhages * Roth spots
41
What is the treatment for pericarditis?
* NSAIDs * Corticosteroids * Antibiotics
42
What is the common management for aortic stenosis?
Avoid nitroglycerin due to narrowed opening
43
What is the first-line treatment for infective endocarditis?
High dose antibiotics q 4-6 weeks
44
What is the primary prevention for acute coronary syndrome?
Good oral hygiene and avoiding drug use
45
What is true about female patients and heart disease?
Female patients may not have abnormal findings on EKG despite plaque rupture.
46
Define metabolic syndrome in relation to acute coronary syndrome.
Group of conditions that increase odds of acute coronary syndrome and MI’s: * Hyperglycemia * Hypertension
47
What is the first action the nurse should take when admitting an MI patient?
Administer aspirin.
48
What is the second action the nurse should take after administering aspirin to an MI patient?
Obtain 12-lead ECG.
49
What is the third action the nurse should take after obtaining the ECG?
Draw labs and place IV.
50
What should the nurse do after notifying the provider?
Continue with the patient care plan.
51
What should the nurse do if the client continues to have chest pain after one dose of SL nitroglycerin?
Administer a second dose.
52
What indicates effective teaching for a patient on a Nitroglycerin drip?
"I will call for help before getting up out of bed."
53
What should the nurse report to the provider for an MI client on dual anti-platelet therapy?
Bloody stools.
54
How do you identify V-tach?
Look for a patient without a pulse and a specific rhythm.
55
What should the nurse do for a patient without a pulse and a rhythm indicating V-tach?
Begin chest compression.
56
Which drug should the RN prepare to administer for a patient in CPR with a non-pulse rhythm?
Epinephrine.
57
What intervention is appropriate for a patient who is alert, oriented, and hemodynamically stable with a specific rhythm?
Advise the patient to bear down (vagal maneuver).
58
What should the RN do if a patient with a rhythm has received a 6 mg dose of adenosine with no charge?
Prepare a 12 mg dose of adenosine.
59
What does a prolonged PR interval indicate?
First degree heart block.
60
What does a pattern of a normal PR interval followed by normal QRS, then a P wave with no QRS indicate?
2nd degree heart block type 2 (Mobitz II).
61
Which patient should the nurse see first on a telemetry unit?
A client with a third-degree heart block.
62
What finding should a nurse report to the provider post-cardiac catheterization?
Absent pedal pulses on the affected limb.
63
Define claudication.
Pain or cramping occurs in the muscles of the legs or arms during physical activity.
64
What is claudication characterized by?
Pain with ambulation which is relieved with rest.
65
What statement from a patient with PVD is most concerning?
"I stand all day at work."
66
Why should a client with PAD keep their feet warm and dry?
Heat promotes vasodilation, which will improve circulation.

adult care 3 (1 decks)

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