Ac3 Flashcards
The first professional police officers
Peelers or bobbies, London 1829
How many police officers are there now
45 territorial police forced in uk
Aims and objectives for police
Police us to reduce crime and maintain law and o4der
The stature powers of arrest, detention, search and interview
Funding for plicr
Government grant and council tax
Main aspects of the philosophy of the police
Honesty and integrity
Authority, respect and courtesy
Equality and diversity
Working practices of police
Responsible got general beat duties and response to emergency and non emergency calls from the public. There are also specialist operations in the police which include: anti terrorism, covert operations, firearm, drugs and royal protection
People who support the police
Police community support officers who work on the front line providing a visible and reassurance presence on the streets tackling anti social behaviour
What are police and crime comissioners
The voice of the people and hold the police to account with an aim to cut crime and deliver an effective and efficient police service within their force area
Aims and objectives of CPS
Must decide which cases should be prosecuted keeping them all under continuous review,
Determine the appropriate charges in more serious or complex cases and advise the police
Prepare cases and present them at court
Provide info assistance and support to victims
CPS values
Independent and fair
Honest and open
Treat everyone with respect
Behave professionally and strive for excellence
Funding CPS
It is a government funded body with thr majority of its budget being approved by parliamemt: the 2016/17 budget being over 500,000,000.
Working practices CPS
Two code practise used to help decide whether to prosecute
E.g evidential test and public interest test
What is the judiciary divided into
Superior judges those working in the high court and above
Inferior judges those working in the lower courts
Aims and objectives judiciary
The role of a judge in a crown court criminal case is to make decisions about the law including its interpretation and applications and generally manage the trial. Must also explain the procedure and legal issues to the jury
Funding judiciary
Judicial salaries are decided following the recommendatiin of the senior salaries review body.(SSRB) provides independent advice to the prime minister, the lord Chancellor and secretary of state for defence
Philosophy judiciary
A judge must be loyal to the queen, as the monarch is the figurehead of the legal system and in whose name justice is carried our and law and order is maintained
Working practices judiciary
When judges are sworn they take two affirmations. The first is the oath of allegiance and the second ie the judicial oath, these are collectively referred to as the judicial oath
Hm prison service aims and objectives
Prison must provide some form of punishment, which involves the deprivation of liberty and all consequences that has for the prisoner
Hm prison services funding
Most prison governments funded with finances being raised through taxation. In 2015 the budget was 2.4 billion. Taxpayers in England are paying to run prisons
Philosophy hm prison servuce
The prison service serves the public by keeping in custody those committed by the courts. Their duty is to look after prisoners with humanity and help them lead law abiding and useful life’s while in custody and acter release
Working practices hm prison service
Most prisons are public sector
109 of 124 prisons are organised on the basis and are run by national offender manager service(noms)
But there are 14 private prisons
How many categories are there for prisons to be divided in depending on the level of security required ro oversee the prisoners
4
Category a
High risk/maximum security
Category b
High risk to others
Category c
Lower risk but not trusted to be in open conditions
Category d
Very low risk to others and dye for release soon, known as open prisons
National probation service
Criminal justice system that supervises hugh risk offenders released into the community. They work with around 30,000 offenders a year, supporting their rehabilitation while protecting rhe public. Work in partnership with 21 community rehabilitation companies
Probation
Means that someone is serving their sentence out of prison. An offender may be put on probation because od serving a community sentence or have been released from prison
Whil on probation offenders may have to:
Do unpaid work,
Complete an education or training course
Get treatment for addictions
Have regular meetings
Aims of NPS
Believe in the ability of people who have offended to change for the better society and become responsible members of society
Be committed to promoting social justice,social inclusion, equality and diversity
Funding of NPS
It’s priority is to protect public by tackling causes of offending and enabling offenders to turn their lives around. Served by 35 probation trusts it is funded by the national offender management service again through income taxation.
Working practices NPS
Prepare pre sentence reports for courts, to help in the selection of the most appropriate sentence. Have to assess offenders in prisons to prepare them for release on license I to the community. They must communicate with and prioritise the wellbeing of victims of sexual and violent offences
The prison reform trust
Charity established in 1981, which works to create a just, humane and effective penal system.
Improves prison regimes and conditions,defends and promotes prisoners human rights, address the needs of prisoners families, and promote alternatives to custody
PRT objectives
Reducing unnecessary imprisonment and promoting community solutions to crime
Improving treatment and conditions for prisoners and their families
Promoting equality and human rights in the justice system
What does prt do
Carries out research on aspects of prison life and provides advice and info to not only prisoners but agencies in the criminal justice syst3m.
Cpaigns that support prt
Out of trouble campaign which is seeking ti reduce the number of children and young people in prison improve the penal system form a main part of their work.
Prt does not receive any funding from the government ajd is entirely dependent on voluntary donations