AC2.3

Question 6

what are the right realist theories?

Answer 6

Rational choice theory and Inadequate socialisation

Question 7

what are the left realist theories?

Answer 7

Relative depravation, Marginalisation and Subcultures

Question 8

what is Rational choice theory?

Answer 8

Clarke and Coleman 1980, when you weigh up the costs and benefits of committing the crime, then decide whether to proceed or not (benefits outweigh the possible costs) (see saw analogy)

Question 9

what is Inadequate socialisation?

Answer 9

Charles Murray 1990, underclass are insufficiently integrated into societies’ norms and values and therefore they are prone to criminal tendencies- lack of deferment of gratification, education failure and welfare dependency (lack of discipline in schools, less traditional nuclear families key factors of crime increase)

Question 10

what is Relative depravation?

Answer 10

Lea and Young, a rise in materialism fulled by advertisement and growing levels of inequality has resulted in pressure on the working class to turn to crime to get what they feel they are entitled to (also downwards, resentment to those who are worse off causing crime against powerless groups like the disabled or asylum seekers)

Question 11

what is Marginalisation?

Answer 11

Lea and Young, groups are on the edge of society which leads to resentment and frustration expressed through crimes such as rioting- common for working class youth to feel this way through schooling, police, unemployment and low wages- (young black males through racial discrimination and ‘stop and search’

Question 12

what are Subcultures?

Answer 12

a way to solve Relative depravation and Marginalisation, lead to subcultures becoming deviant and crimogenic, go against these through HipHop (blocked depravation leads to crime), additionally, Mods and Rockers (conflicting subcultures) spiked a moral panic on the youth (working class)