AC2.2 Flashcards
define retribution
revenge or vengeance- “an eye for an eye”
what must a punishment be
proportionate to crime committed
what are the 5 aims of sentencing
retribution
rehabilitation
reparation
public protection (incapacitation)
deterrence
under retribution, what is society showing towards the offender
moral condemnation
what is the phrase under retribution which states offenders deserve their punishment
just deserts
what 2 theories relate to retribution
right realism
functionalism
list 4 criticisms of retribution
1) doesn’t allow for forgiveness
2) simply a transaction from offence to punishment
3) ignores mitigating factors
4) ‘proportionate’ is subjective
what is a main positive of rehabilitation
it addresses the causes of someones criminality
what is the main aim of rehabilitation
to change offenders mindset so they can live a crime fee life
3 ways of rehabilitation
education programmes
work/ training
skill building
what theories link to rehabilitation (+ 2 examples)
individualistic theories e.g. operant learning, personality
list 3 criticisms of rehabilitation
1) problems with resources + money
2) rate of re-offending high
3) marxism states there are no means for work
what is public protection (incapacitation)
removing offender from society/ the capability of an offender to prevent of reduce future harm (through restrictions)
what theories does public protection link to
biological theories
right realism
list 3 criticisms of public protection
1) short-term answer
2) issues in prison surrounding overcrowding, hygiene + space
3) doesn’t deal with causes of crime; simply removes them
what is deterrence
preventing offending through coercion + fear
what is general deterrence
society prevented from first time offending
what is individual deterrence
offender themself prevented from reoffending
what 3 theories does deterrence link to
target hardening
rational choice
zero tolerance (policing)
what are 2 criticisms of deterrence
1)rate of reoffending night
2) crime not a ‘rational’ weigh up between costs + benefits
what is the aim of reparation
to rebuild the broken bonds in society
what are the 2 harms caused through crime (reparation) and how are they fixed
material harm - unpaid work/ fines
social harm - restorative justice
what 2 theories link to reparation
functionalism
labelling theory
list 2 criticisms of reparation
1) create more harm by using restorative justice?
2) wouldn’t work for every crime
