AC2.1 Biological Theories Flashcards
What are chromosomes?
Strands of condensed DNA that holds the individual genes for all physical characteristics
What are genes?
Units of DNA that make up our genetic makeup, they are the code for our characteristics that are inherited by our parents
What are 3 genetic theories?
Twin studies
Adoption studies
Jacobs XYY
What are the types of twins? (with a definition)
Monozygotic twin = 100% matched DNA because they come from the same egg and share a placenta
Dizygotic twins = 50% DNA match because they have both separate eggs and placentas
What is a concordance rate?
The probability that if one twin has a characteristic then the other one will as well
What is the twin study theory include?
Types of Twins
Johannesburg Lange
Christiansen
Concordance rates
What does the Adoption study theory include?
Definition - children who have been adopted are compared to their biological and adoptive parents
Medrick et al - and 14,000 Denmark sons
What does Jacobs XYY study theory include?
How sex is determined - by pattern of chromosome
Jacob et al - found 15/1000 XYY men in prison and 1/1000 in the general population
Price and Whatmore - XYY men commit motiveless crime
John Wayne Gacy
What are the physiological theories?
Lombroso
Sheldon
Brain injuries
Bio chemicals
What needs to be included in Lombroso’s theory?
Said criminals were ‘ genetic throwbacks’
Crime is innate and the offenders are savage and untamed
Physiological markers
Tracey Connelly
What needs to be included in Sheldon’s theory?
Echomorphs
Mésomorphs
Endomorphs
What needs to be included in brain injuries?
Charles Whitman
Amygdala
Raine et al
Phineas Gage
What is needs to be included in bio chemicals?
Serotonin - Scerbo and Raine
Steroids - horrace williams
