AC1.1 compare criminal behavior and deviance Flashcards
what are values?
values are generic, general principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives.
E.G. some cultures have high respect for their elders, example the Chinese. or general respect for human life.
what are norms?
norms are specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern peoples behavior in particular situations.
E.G. when you see someone in danger you should help them if you can
give an example of respecting others
E.G. giving your seat up on the bus for a pregnant or elderly person.
what are moral codes?
a set of basic rules, values and principles held by an individual, group or organisation or society as a whole.
E.G. the police code of ethics is a written guide including the following principles: accountancy, integrity, openness, fairness, leadership, respect, honesty and selflessness.
what is deviance?
deviance is something that differs from normality (unusual, uncommon or goes out of the ordinary) and goes against social norms.
what are the 3 types of deviant behavior?
behavior that is unusual but good
E.G. jumping in front of a bullet for someone
behavior that is unusual and bizarre
E.G. talking to trees, extreme body modification or living with an excessive number of cats
behavior that is unusual and bad
E.G. physically attacking someone randomly for no reason.
what are some deviant acts?
cross dressing, excessive washing of hands or smoking depending on your surroundings
what are some acts that are criminal but not seen as deviant?
illegal downloading of music/movies, speeding depending on your speed and theft.
what are some acts that are both deviant and criminal?
burglary, murder, robbery, naked sunbathing
why are some acts criminal but not deviant?
some acts are criminal because their against the law however their not seen as a crime or out of the ordinary by society, example being illegal downloading of movies/music.
why are some acts deviant but not criminal?
some acts are not criminal as their not braking any laws however are seen as unusual or out of the ordinary by society and effects them.
what are formal sanctions ?
formal sanctions are imposed by official bodies such as the police, courts, schools and other institutions.
E.G. not doing homework, receiving a detention.
what are informal sanctions?
used where the rules are not formally written down and perhaps are ‘unspoken’
E.G. avoiding someone or judging them
what is a positive sanction?
sanction such as a reward for behavior that society approves of
E.G. receiving a medal/being praised
what acts were seen as criminal but no longer are?
vagrancy and homosexuality
what are some laws that have changed over time?
homosexuality and smoking in the car with children
what is the social definition of criminal behavior?
it is hard to define as its not straight forward.
over time things have changed and are always changing
E.G. homosexuality was a crime but isn’t anymore.
give an example of overspace
child brides being illegal in the UK but their legal in certain countries such as Sudan where girls can marry at age 10 and boys age 15.
forced marriages, witchcraft, honor crime and FGM are other examples.
give an example of legal restrictions
anti pollution laws often specify how much of a pollutant a firm can legally emit even though this may still harm the environment
name one non-court sanctions and the definition
cautions
- given by the police to anyone over the age of 10 for a minor crime
- low level and first time offending
- offender has to plead guilty or can result in arrest
- not a criminal conviction but can be used in court for evidence of bad character if another crime has been committed.
name another non-court sanction and the definition
conditional cautions
-given by the police but includes certain rules and restrictions such as receiving treatment for drug abuse or repairing damage to property
name the last type of non-court sanction and the definition
penalty notices
- minor crimes such as shop lifting or possession of cannabis
- no conviction given if the penalty is paid but if the offender refuses there may be a trial.
explain the connection between the terms deviance and crime (6 marks)
- crime is a behavior that breaks formal laws of society and can lead to formal sanctions or punishments
- deviance is any violation of societies norms or challenging expected behavior
- most crimes seen as deviant but not all deviant acts are crimes
- certain behavior may be seen as deviant overtime
- prostitution is a deviant act
- smoking cigarettes is illegal in certain locations
- smoking cannabis
what is an indictable offence ?
more serious offences tried in crown court before a judge and jury
E.G. rape and murder
what is subject matter of the offence ?
violence against the person
- sexual offences
- offences against property
- fraud and forgery
- criminal damage
name a type of formal sanction and the definition
custodial sentences
- imprisonment or detention at young offenders institution
- length varies from days to life
- life sentences allowed to apply for parole after 15 years
- indeterminate sentences decides if prisoner should be released
name another type of formal sanctions and the definition
community sentences
- unpaid work to rehabilitate or pay back to the community
- includes probation, curfew, mandatory drug testing
name another type of formal sanctions and the definition
fines
- financial penalties depending on seriousness of offence
- pay be paid in installments
name another type of formal sanctions and the definition
discharges
- conditional involves offender not committing a further crime for a given time period
- unconditional involves no penalty as defendant is guilty but morally blameless
what is actus reus ?
the guilty act
what is mens rea?
the guilty mind
a crime needs both…….
mens rea and actus reus
mens rea is not requied when?
in offences of strict liability (health and safty law)
what is an example case of strict liability?
dale king- self defense , he shot yosif and was found not guilty
