AC1.1-AC2.2

Question 1

deviance

Answer 1

behaviour that goes against social norms

Question 2

norms, moral codes and values

Answer 2

unwritten rules of acceptable behaviour. (eg. UK dark colours China white for funerals)

Question 3

informal sanctions against deviance (5)

Answer 3

• frowning upon behaviour
• name calling
• ignoring behaviour
• labelling behaviour
• parents grounding a child

Question 4

formal sanctions of deviance

Answer 4

• imprisonment
• fines
• detention (if a student fails to hand in their homework)

Question 5

Is deviant behaviour always bad?

Answer 5

No.

Question 6

Forms of deviance

Answer 6

• Admired behaviour: saving a life while putting own at risk
• Odd behaviour: living with an excessive amount of cats
• Bad behaviour: exposing yourself in public

Question 7

One example of an act labelled deviant but not criminal
One example of an act labelled criminal but not deviant
One example of an act labelled deviant and criminal

Answer 7

Cross-dressing. Illegal downloading of music. Murder.

Question 8

Criminal behaviour

Answer 8

Form of deviance involving serious, harmful acts that are punishable by law

Question 9

Legal definition of crime

Answer 9

Behaviour that breaks the law. An action forbidden by criminal law. Offence must have two elements: actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind)

Question 10

Examples of criminal offences (actions forbidden by criminal law)

Answer 10

Theft, fraud, murder

Question 11

What two elements must an offence have in order for it to be classified as a crime by its’ legal definition?

Answer 11

1. Actus reus
2. Mens rea

Question 12

Actus reus

Answer 12

Guilty act

Question 13

Mens rea

Answer 13

guilty mind

Question 14

If A takes a gun and deliberately shoots B through the heart and B then dies, label the actus reus and mens rea in this situation.

Answer 14

actus reus is the act of shooting

Mens rea is the intention to kill

Question 15

Strict liability

Answer 15

Mens rea not required in these cases. The wrongful act alone is enough to convict someone.

Question 16

Self-defence

Answer 16

Assaulting someone with the deliberate intention to harm them is usually a criminal act, but if done in self-defence this could mean a person cannot be found guilty.

Question 17

Two exceptions to principle of something that has an actus reus and a mens rea

Answer 17

1. strict liability
2. self-defence

Question 18

Social definition of crime

Answer 18

A social interaction which is wrong against the community. Some acts are crimes in some countries but not in others. (Eg. UK wrong to have sex with a 14-year-old but Bangladesj forced marriages and child brides exist). Definition of crime difficult to find as it can vary

Question 19

Seriousness of the offence - Two types of offences in UK law

Answer 19

1. Summary offences (less serious - speeding) Associated with magistrates
2. Indictable offences (more serious offences - murder/rape) Associated with the crown court

Question 20

Formal sanctions against criminal’s definition

Answer 20

Penalties given to those convicted of a crme

Question 21

Two main types of formal sanctions against criminals

Answer 21

Non-court sanctions + Court sanctions + Discharge

Question 22

Non-court sanctions
examples;

Answer 22

• Formal sanction against criminals
• Cautions
• Conditional Cautions
• Penalty notices (ages 18+)

Question 23

Court sanctions (types of sentences)

Answer 23

• Formal sanction against criminals
• Custodial sentences (immediately sent to prison)
• Community sentences (unpaid work, probation, curfew)
• Fines

Question 24

Discharge Definition (formal sanction against criminals)

Answer 24

• Formal sanction against criminals
• can either be conditional or absolute (when if defendant reoffends during set period of time court could issue an alternative sentence or when defendant guilty but morally blameless)

Question 25

Police sanctions are

Answer 25

• minor offences
• sanctioning offenders without going to court

Question 26

Types of police sanctions

Answer 26

• Cautions (warmings for 10+)
• Conditional cautions (restrictions and if conditions are broken can be charged with a crime)
• Penalty notices (can be given to minor for shoplifting + won’t get conviction if you pay penalty)

Question 27

Other implications of committing a criminal act

Answer 27

• Exclusion
• Placed on ViSOR
• banned from travelling to certain countries
• banmed from certain occupations (teaching)
• Restrictions on adoption/jury service/standing for elected office