ac1.1

Question 1

GOVERNMENT PROCESSES

Question 2

what 3 parts is Parliament made up of?

Answer 2

the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Monarch

Question 3

who are the House of Commons?

Answer 3

the elected representatives, or members of parliament, voted by the people in an election

Question 4

who are the House of Lords?

Answer 4

hereditary peers and many lifetime appointed peers who don’t pass on their title after death, for example, Lord Sugar

Question 5

what does the Monarch do?

Answer 5

provides approval to the finalised bill

Question 6

where are the majority of law in England and Wales made?

Answer 6

in parliament by a process of consultation, debate and voting

Question 7

what happens when a new law is made?

Answer 7

there is a public consultation in the form of a Green Paper

Question 8

what happens after the public consultation in the form of a Green Paper?

Answer 8

a White Paper with formal proposals for reform is produced

Question 9

what does a White Paper allow for?

Answer 9

a draft act called a Bill is to be presented to Parliament

Question 10

where does the Bill begin its journey?

Answer 10

in one of the houses (Lords or Commons)

Question 11

what are the 6 stages a Bill must go through before it becomes an Act of Parliament?

Answer 11

1. first reading
2. second reading
3. committee stage
4. report stage
5. third reading
6. royal assent

Question 12

what happens during the first reading?

Answer 12

the name of the Bill and its main aims are read out and a formal vote is taken

Question 13

what happens during the second reading?

Answer 13

the main debate takes place followed by another vote

Question 14

what happens during the committee stage?

Answer 14

a chosen group of representatives look at the Bill to address any issues and suggest appropriate amendments

Question 15

what happens during the report stage?

Answer 15

the Committee report back to the full House who then vote on the proposed amendments

Question 16

what happens during the third reading?

Answer 16

the final vote on the Bill and all of the above stages are repeated in the other house

Question 17

what happens during the royal assent?

Answer 17

the Monarch signs the Bill. he can’t refuse as it is now only a symbolic stage as the Head of State

Question 18

Proposed new law is introduced in the form of a ____

Answer 18

bill

Question 19

while the Bill is considered in Parliament it is subject to much ______

Answer 19

debate

Question 20

a Bill is a proposal for new law or a change to ________ law

Answer 20

existing

Question 21

one of the chambers in Parliament is called the House of ______

Answer 21

Commons

Question 22

the other chamber is known as the _____ of Lords

Answer 22

House

Question 23

once a Bill has been given the Royal Assent it is known as a piece of ___________

Answer 23

legislation

Question 24

the last stage of making an Act of Parliament involves the Royal Assent given by the _______

Answer 24

Monarch

Question 25

the process of involbing the members of both the House of Lords and House of Commons is very __________

Answer 25

democratic

Question 26

Once a Bill has passed through all the stages it becomes an Act of __________

Answer 26

Parliament

Question 27

JUDICIAL PROCESSES

Question 28

what is judicial processes made up of?

Answer 28

- judicial precedent - statutory interpretation

Question 29

what does judicial mean?

Answer 29

belonging or related to a judge

Question 30

what does precedent mean?

Answer 30

a decision in a legal case that must be followed in similar future cases

Question 31

what is judicial precedent?

Answer 31

law made by judges in the courts

Question 32

what must the courts do when a case appears before them?

Answer 32

they must made a judgement and this forms the law and must be followed in future similar cases

Question 33

what happened in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932)

Answer 33

- 2 friends visited a cafe and one had a drink that had the remains of a decomposing snail in it - she fell ill and sued the manufacturer and won her case - the court said a duty of care was owed by the manufacturer to the woman - known as the 'neighbour principle', this founded the modern-day law of negligence

Question 34

what happened in the case of Daniels v White (1938)?

Answer 34

- claimant bought a bottle of lemonade and felt burning in his throat when he drank it - the lemonade was found to have corrosive metal in it - the case of Donoghue v Stevenson was used when suing for compensation - even though it was slightly different, it was similar enough for the process of precedent

Question 35

how do judges need to apply the law in similar cases?

Answer 35

consistently and use the same principles

Question 36

why is law called common law?

Answer 36

becuase it must be common in all cases

Question 37

who must lower courts abide by the decisions from?

Answer 37

higher courts

Question 38

why must lower courts abide by the decisions from higher courts?

Answer 38

because there is a hierarchy

Question 39

when is it appropriate to not follow a past decision?

Answer 39

when it is permitted by the very senior courts such as the Supreme Court

Question 40

what must the judge do when there is no precedent?

Answer 40

make a decision and give an originl precedent

Question 41

what is statutory interpretation?

Answer 41

where judges in the superior courts such as the Supreme Court are called upon to interpret words and phrases within a statute

Question 42

what do judges in superior courts have to help them with statutory interpretation?

Answer 42

rules, aids and the ability to interpret in the way they see fit

Question 43

what happened in the case of Whiteley v Chappell (1868)?

Answer 43

- defendant was charged with an offence of impersonating a person entitled to vote - they pretended to be person on the voter's list who was dead - the court found the defendant not guilty since a dead person isn't entitled to vote