AC1.1

Question 1

Define white-collar crime

Answer 1

Crime usually committed for financial gain by someone of high social status

Question 2

What are the three strands of white-collar crime?

Answer 2

• Organised
• Professional
• Corporate

Question 3

Define organised white-collar crime

Answer 3

This refers to crimes that can be either violent or non-violent in nature, and are generally committed for the profit of a group of people with a hierarchical internal structure. e.g. Mafias and gangs.

Question 4

Define corporate white-collar crime

Answer 4

This refers to crimes committed either by a corporation or by individuals acting on behalf of a corporation in order to maximise profits

Question 5

Define professional white-collar crime

Answer 5

Non violent crime committed by a single person to gain money

Question 6

Give 6 examples of white-collar crime

Answer 6

Fraud, embezzlement, money laundering, bribery, insider trading, identity theft

Question 7

Describe the typical victim of white-collar crime

Answer 7

Customers, shareholders, companies, or the vulnerable [ elderly are naive]

Question 8

Describe the typical offender of white-collar crime

Answer 8

A respectable, middle-aged, white man of high social status, who seems trustworthy

Question 9

What is the level of public awareness of white-collar crime

Answer 9

Low:
- Offenders are difficult to prosecute because they sophisticated, technological means to conceal their illegal activity
- Offenders are often respectable, white men so no suspicion is aroused
- White-collar crime doesn’t make the media because offenders don’t fit the ‘typical criminal’ image and such crimes are boring to the public.

Question 10

Is white-collar crime deviant or criminal?

Answer 10

Both, it is against the law and against the social norms of society

Question 11

Define honour crime

Answer 11

A type of individual crime, due to the perpetrator’s belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonour upon the family or has violated the principles of a community or a religion. Often committed in the form of homicide, kidnapping and torture

Question 12

Describe the typical victim of honour crime

Answer 12

A young person, most commonly the daughter in a family, and of ethnic background, usually asian

Question 13

Describe the typical offender of honour crime

Answer 13

A male member of a family, such as a dad, brother, or uncle and also of ethnic background

Question 14

What is the level of public awareness of honour crime

Answer 14

Low:
- In communities where honour crime occurs it is seen as appropriate or non-deviant. Therefore is it not reported to the authorities, or the media so the wider community does not know of such crimes.

Question 15

Is honour crime deviant or criminal?

Answer 15

Both, it is not only illegal to harm or kill someone but also it is frowned upon in society to harm an individual based on their life choices or behaviour.

Question 16

Define domestic abuse

Answer 16

A type of individual crime defined as “all acts of physical, sexual, psychological or economical violence” that may be committed by a family member or intimate partner

Question 17

Describe the typical victim in domestic abuse cases

Answer 17

Women like a wife or a girlfriend, they are often timid or lack self confidence, most commonly young women between the ages of 18-24

Question 18

Describe the typical offenders in domestic abuse cases

Answer 18

Typically men, big build, with an aggressive personality

Question 19

What is the level of public awareness of domestic abuse?

Answer 19

Low:
- The public such as neighbours do not report such activity, instead turning a blind eye as they feel it is not their responsibility or feel it is a private matter.
- Victims do not report crime in fear of the consequences. Therefore domestic abuse does not often make the media.

Question 20

Is domestic abuse deviant or criminal

Answer 20

Both, it is against the and universally frowned upon in society to abuse your partner/family

Question 21

Define hate crime

Answer 21

A type of individual crime that is influenced by hate, prejudice or bias against differences like age, disabilities, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexuality and more

Question 22

Describe the typical victim of hate crime

Answer 22

Anyone who has a protected characteristic

Question 23

Describe the typical offender of hate crime

Answer 23

Anyone with a prejudicial view against someone with a protected characteristic

Question 24

What is the level of public awareness of hate crimes?

Answer 24

Increasing:
- Currently in the media there is a high focus on hate crimes, especially those linked to race, religion and sexuality.
- There are many protests and campaigns in the media making the public aware.

Question 25

Is hate crime deviant or criminal?

Answer 25

Both as it goes against the law and social normalities to victimise someone regarding their identity

Question 26

Define state crime

Answer 26

Activities perpetrated by, or by order of, state agencies

Question 27

Give 3 examples of state crime

Answer 27

Genocide, war crime, torture

Question 28

Describe the typical victim of state crime

Answer 28

Citizens of the country, more specifically those with different religious or political views than the government

Question 29

Describe the typical offender of state crime

Answer 29

A high ranking government official under the order of the country’s regime

Question 30

What is the level of public awareness of state crime?

Answer 30

High:
- The crimes are extreme and often very violent so the media is fast to report such crime

Question 31

Is state crime deviant or criminal?

Answer 31

Both, overall society strongly disagrees with state crime which is highly illegal

Question 32

Define moral crime

Answer 32

Crimes that are against the normal standard of morality within society they are considered to be victimless as there is no specific victim

Question 33

Give 4 examples of a moral crime

Answer 33

Prostitution, vagrancy, recreational drug use, assisted suicide

Question 34

Describe the typical victim of a moral crime

Answer 34

The offenders themselves are often the victim however due to ripple effect it may affect family members or loved ones

Question 35

Describe the typical offender of a moral crime

Answer 35

It differs for each crime however they are usually in a difficult situation and feel obligated to commit the crime

Question 36

What is the level of public awareness of moral crime?

Answer 36

Low :
- Offences are often hidden by the offenders out of shame
- The public turn a blind eye due to sympathy and lack of interest so moral crimes aren’t reported

Question 37

Is moral crime deviant or criminal?

Answer 37

Both, overall society has distaste towards the actions which are illega

Question 38

Define technological crime

Answer 38

Illegal activities that can be conducted through the internet and other technologies

Question 39

Describe the typical victim of technological crime

Answer 39

Big corporations, anyone who uses the internet however more specifically the elderly as they lack knowledge about the crime so are easy targets

Question 40

Give 4 examples of technological crime

Answer 40

Scam emails, internet fraud, hacking, downloading illegal media

Question 41

Describe the typical offender of technological crime

Answer 41

Anyone with basic knowledge of the internet, young, male

Question 42

What is the level of public awareness of technological crime?

Answer 42

Increasing:
- Technology is advancing so more crimes are being created and committed so there is an increase in publicity, making the public aware

Question 43

Are technological crimes deviant or criminal?

Answer 43

Both however some such as illegal downloading of media aren’t seen as deviant as is often very common