AC Midterm Terms

Question 1

Solon

Answer 1

• 6th century BC
• Attempt to stabilize Athens and stop tyrants
• Reforms seen from physical law code
• Purification of Athens after deaths
• Reforms
  
  • Economic: canceled debts; seisachtheia (freed debt prisoners)
  • Did NOT re-distribute land (unlike Lycurgus)
  • 4 property classes: based on welath
  • Admitted new citizens, opened up offices
  • Reforms of courts (appeals), offices, councils
  • Areopagus: SUPREME COURT
  • Boule: council of 400? (100 x 4 tribes)
  • Ekklesia: assembly of citizens
  • Marriage, dowries, divorce, wills, funerals
  • Industry: made respectable
  • Exports: banned all except for olive oil
  • Calendar: reconcile lunar, solar years
  • Public behavior of women
  • Illegitimate sons
  • Sacrificial offerings: value, timing
  • Utilities (water supply); agriculture
• Laws adopted by assembly
• Oath not to change laws for 100 years - lasted about 30, didn’t prevent Tyranny (Peisistratus)

Question 2

Lycurgus

Answer 2

• 7th century
• Legendary law giver
• Traveled and returned to Sparta
• Political reforms endorsed by Delphic oracle
• Rhetra (elders, kings, people) mixed
• Land redistribution
• Inequality: helots
• Anti-luxury (iron coins, common meals, no grave goods)
• Education: military training (men & women); eugenic; male-male bonding
• Reforms not written down (memorized)

Question 3

Kimon

Answer 3

• Son of Mitiades (general from Persian war), becomes victorious general, then politician
• Allowed to erect 3 herms as victory monument
• Went to find bones of Theseus, apparently buried in Skyros northeast of Thessaly
• Don’t know what kind of structure he reburied them in in Athens (Thesaion)
• Apparently shows Theseus and Amazonomach in paintings (invading Athens)
• Poikile (painted stoa): Trojan war, Amazonomachy, Battle of Marathon, Battle at Oinoe
• Paintings facing Acropolis

Question 4

Perikles

Answer 4

• Peloponnesian War
  *

Question 5

Pheidias

Answer 5

a

Question 6

Panathenaia

Answer 6

Established by Peisistratus (6th century BC)

Along with Dionysia (drama); Eleusis (mysteries of demeter)

Sponsoring festivals good for economy

Trying to put Athens on the map

Question 7

Cyrene

Answer 7

• Temple of Apollo
• Laid out with streets at right angles according to city plan
• Founded 630/631 BC
• Founder = Battos (not his Greek name, perhaps African word for king)
• Tomb of Battos: grave, hero shrine for founder of colony (Late Classical round stone altar)

Question 8

Piraeus

Answer 8

a

Question 9

Areopagus

Answer 9

• Supreme Court at Athens
• Instituted by Solon (594 BC)

Question 10

Kerameikos

Answer 10

a

Question 11

Pnyx

Answer 11

a

Question 12

Dipylon

Answer 12

a

Question 13

kleroterion

Answer 13

a

Question 14

Rhetra

Answer 14

• Sparta
• Kings, elders, people
• Mixed by Lycurgus

Question 15

seisachtheia

Answer 15

• Freeing debt prisoners
• Reform of Solon (594 BC)

Question 16

prytanikon

Answer 16

a

Question 17

klepsydra

Answer 17

a

Question 18

syssitia

Answer 18

a

Question 19

orchestra

Answer 19

a

Question 20

• Cleisthenes

Answer 20

• Boule (council of 500)
• 6 Archons
• Ostracism - often to banish (temporarily) politicians who are too popular, gaining too much power (badge of honor) - after defeat of Persians at Marathon (first used 487 BC)
• Reorganizes Attica after Tyranny of Peisistratus and sons
• Reforms
  
  • Organizes people of Athens into 10 “tribes” - 30 demes (“trittys” = 1/3); named for national eponymous heroes (images in Agora)
  • 10 generals (elected; other offices by lot)
  • Council of 500 (50 members x 10 tribes)
    *