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Unit 4 Crim > AC 3.4 > Flashcards

AC 3.4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the police’s role in achieving social control?

A

Protecting life and property
Preserving order
Preventing the commission of offences
Bringing offenders to justice
(PEELIAN PRINCIPLES)

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2
Q

What is at the core of the peelian principles

A

policing by consent

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3
Q

How many out of court disposals were used in the year ending march 2021

A

164000, 9% increase of previous year

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4
Q

How does an increase of using out of court disposals help the effectiveness?

A

reducing the flow of offenders into the court system

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5
Q

How has polices respones to violence against woman and girls (VAWG) improved?

A

2021: HM Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) noted:

Better service provision for victims
Better identification of repeat victims
More tailored responses
Increased use of body-worn video, to gather evidence at the scene
Committed and professional police officers and staff

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6
Q

What criticism’s did the inspectorate have for VAGW?

A

Data gaps at local & national levels including information about protected characteristics.

Police areas do not always share best practice, especially on prevention activities.

Unexplained variations between police areas in how often protective powers (e.g. Domestic Violence Protection Orders) are used / enforced.

Management of repeat offenders varies widely.

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7
Q

How much have homicides increased (march 2022)

A

25%

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8
Q

How much has fraud increased? (march 2022)

A

17%

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9
Q

How many recorded crimes resulted in a charge/summons outcome in year ending march 2022?

A

5.6%

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10
Q

Is there an overall increase or decrease of out-of-court disposals?

A

decrease

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11
Q

How many cases did the police close with no suspect identified in year ending march 2022?

A

36%

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12
Q

How many cases remained open but unresolved in year ending march 2022?

A

12%

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13
Q

No. of offences being prosecuted has been falling every year since March ———

A

2015

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14
Q

Assessing the validity of crime statistics - 2019 10% increase in homicides

A

This includes a single incident with 39 homicide victimsfound in a lorry in Essex in October 2019.

If excluded, there was a 3% increase in homicides

most homicides recorded in London, West Midlands & West Yorkshire.

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15
Q

What did the machperson report find about institutional racism in 1999?

A

Found the Metropolitan Police to be institutionally racist – contrary to Peelian Principles of policing by consent.

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16
Q

What happens if police are institutionally racist?

A

Therefore, if police fail to establish a positive relationship with all sections of the community, the investigation of crime will be compromised.

  • police are failing to contribute to social control for some parts of the community.
17
Q

How many stop and searchs did black asain and other minority groups account for in year ending march 2012?

A

1/3 -0 overrepresentative of the general population

18
Q

What fraction of all stop and search’s were black individuals?

A

1/5

19
Q

What percentage of adults arrested in london are from minority ethnic groups (2020/21)

A

53%

20
Q

What percentage of children arrested in london are from minority ethnic groups (2020/21)

A

66%

21
Q

What percentage of children arrested in the uk are from minority ethnic groups (2020/21)

A

20%

22
Q

Child Q and insitiuational racism

A

‘Racism cited as factor in police strip search of girl, 15, at London school

23
Q

What is the difference of crime rates according to the CSEW and the police statistics ?

A

CSEW - Decrease of crime
Police stats - Increase of crime
However, these deal with different types of crime.

24
Q

What is an example of the police playing to the media to portray a ‘crimebusters’ image?

A

2014 south yorkshire police invited the bbc to film their raid on a gome, but no charges were eentually rbought and both the BBC and police had to pay damages to the victim.

25
Q

How have the police been cirtiticed in media other than the ‘crimebusters’ image?

A

overreacting to media driven moral panics

26
Q

2018 - How many cases were prosecuted in the crown court?

A

80,000

27
Q

2018 - How many cases were prosecuted in the magistrates court?

A

450000

28
Q

What percentage of defendants that were prosecuted convicted?

A

84%

29
Q

How does the CPS contribute to social control?

A

The CPS is an independent service for England & Wales (therefore, a national agency established by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985) that makes charging decisions on the basis of evidence gathered by police.

30
Q

Which tests are used by the CPS to decide whether to prosecute?

A

By independently reviewing police evidence, CPS decides whether to prosecute & what charge to bring against the suspect (using either the Full Code Test - Part IV, Criminal Justice Act 2003 – or the Threshold Test.

31
Q

What criticisms from victims groups, politicians and police have about the CPS?

A

Centralised
Bureaucratic
Inefficient and slow in proceeding with cases
Too close to the police

32
Q

In 2019, what did campaigns accuse the CPS of doing in regards to rape cases?

A

campaigners accused CPS of dropping supposedly ‘weak’ cases in order to improve rate of successful prosecution & warned that this was limiting victims’ access to justice.

33
Q

What percentage budget cut has the cps received in recent years?

A

25%

Unit 4 Crim (11 decks)

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