AC 3.1 - Explain The Roles Of Agenicies In Social Control Flashcards
What is the philosophy of the UK police force?
Follow the Peelian Priciples, Robert Peel, 1829:
- Policing should be down with the community, “the police are the public and the public are the police”
- Crime prevention is more important than punishment
- Using force is a last result
- Support community policing, build trust and cooperation
What are the aims and objectives of the UK police force?
Follow PACE Act 1984, they exist to:
- Prevent crime - patrols, community engagement and education
- Protect the public - ensure safety and respond to emergencies
- Maintain order - control protests, riots and public disturbances
- Investigate crime and bring offenders to justice - arrests, forensic investigation and court prosecutions
- Support victims - offer protection, advice and victim services
What are the key roles of the UK police?
- Response officers - first responders to Emergancy calls
- Neighbourhood police - work with communities, prevent crime
- Detectives/CID - investigate serious crimes
- Traffic police - rod safety and accident investigation
- Counter terrorism unit - prevent terrorist
- Public order units - handle protests, riots and football violence
How is the UK police funded?
- Central government grant - The Home Office process most funding, £17.2 billion 2023-24
- Local tax council - residents pay council tax to fund local police
- Private partnerships - can receive money from businesses for extra service/security
- Fines and penalties - speeding fines and fixed penalties
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Budget cuts in 2010 so fewer police but funding and numbers increased after 2015
What is the reach of the UK police?
National level:
- 43 police forces covering England and Wales and seperate forces for Scotland and N.Ireland
- National crime agency - tackles serious crimes like human trafficking
- British transport police - railway and transport hubs
- Counter terrorism policing - works across region to prevent terrorism
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Local level:
- Each region has its own police force (eg. Metropolitan police)
- Local police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) are elected to oversee police budgets and priorities
What is the philosophy of the CPS?
They are responsible for deciding if a case goes to court. The philosophy is based on:
- Fairness and Impartiality - they prosecute on a cases based on evidence and public interest not pressure and media
- The rule of law - it ensures justice is applied fairly, regardless of background
- Independence - separate from police and government, preventing political interference
What are the aims of the CPS?
- Prosecute criminal cases fairly - justice for victim and defendants
- Decide if case goes to court - use full code test, evidential test, public interest test
- Support victims and witnesses - help and protection in court
- Work with police - advising on evidence and legal procedures
What are the key roles of the CPS?
- Serious crime division - murder, organised crime and terrorism
- Specialist fraud division - complex financial crimes
- Rape and Serious Sexual Offences (RASSO) - prosecute sexual crimes
- Counter terrorism - work with MI5 and police prosecute terrorism
- Hate crime unit - prosecute crimes based on protected characteristics
How is the CPS funded?
The CPS budget was £774 million in 2023/24
- Courts costs and fines - from convicted offenders paying fines
- Proceeds of Crime Act(POCA) - Money seized from criminals can fund law enforcement
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Budgets cut in 2010 but have now risen again
What is the reach of the CPS?
National level:
- The CPS work with the attorney generals office and law enforcement agencies
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Local level:
- There are 14 regional CPS areas each handle cases in their region, each has a chief crown prosecutor who oversees casework
Crime and CPS statistics.
- CPS prosecute 370,000 cases in England and Wales
- 81% guilty conviction
- Only 2.3% of reported lead to conviction
- Over 10,000 prosecutions for hate crimes with a rate of 85% conviction
What is the philosophy, aims and objectives of the judiciary?
- Independence - free from external pressures so decisions are based on law and facts
- Impartiality - required to be unbiased, everyone is treated equally
- Integrity - expected to uphold high standards of honestly and morality
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Ensures that the judiciary maintains public confidence and administer justice fairly
What are the key roles of the judiciary?
- Interpreting and applying law - clarify legislation and ensure it is applied correctly
- Adjusting disputes - resolve conflicts between individuals, organisations and the state, ensuring legal rights are protected
- Ensuring fair trials - oversee court proceedings to grunted they are conducted justly and due process is followed
- Reviewing legislation - they asses the legality of governmental actions and statues, ensuring they comply with higher laws like the constitution
What is funding from the CPS?
- Funded by the UK government, primarily Ministry of Justice
- Salaries reflect the responsibilities required for various positions
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April 2024: - District judge - £143,095 per year
- Deputy High Court Judges - £1,071.88 a day
- Deputy District Judge - £623.74 a day, £642.34 in London
What is the reach of the judiciary?
- Supreme Court - highest court in UK, handle case of greatest public importance
- Court appeal - divided in Civil and Criminal, hears appeals from lower courts
