AC 3.1- Explain the Role of Agencies in Social Control

Question 1

When was the police set up and who by?

Answer 1

1829, Robert Peel

Question 2

What were some requirements to be a police officer when they were first set up?

Answer 2

Uniform had to be worn on and off duty, aged 20-27 and be at least 5’7”

Question 3

What is the philosophy and values of the police?

Answer 3

Prevent crime and disorder, honesty & integrity (not to abuse position), co-operation with the public, physical force is a last resort, impartially deliver law and not to discriminate unfairly or unlawfully

Question 4

What are the 4 main objectives of the police?

Answer 4

Keep the peace and maintain order, protect life and property, prevent detect and investigate crimes, interview and bring offenders to justice

Question 5

What was the total police budget in 2018/2019?

Answer 5

£12.3billion

Question 6

Where does the majority of police funding come from?

Answer 6

2/3 comes from central government

Question 7

Where does the rest of police funding come from?

Answer 7

Local council taxes, the remained from charging for services such as policing football matches

Question 8

What are the working practices of the police?

Answer 8

Officers are trained for general beat duties and to respond to emergency and non-emergency calls from the public

Question 9

Give three examples of specialist police

Answer 9

Anti-terrorism, mountain police, police community support officers (PCSO)

Question 10

When was the CPS set up and what did it aim to do?

Answer 10

Set up in 1986, role is to advise the police on evidence, decide a charge and prepare cases for trial

Question 11

What are the values of the CPS?

Answer 11

To be impartial, provide a fair trial for all, behave professionally, promote justice, consistency and objectivity

Question 12

What are the aims/objectives of the CPS?

Answer 12

Advise police in their investigations on evidence needed for a case, independently review the evidence, decide whether to prosecute or not, present the case in court using its own lawyers and assist, inform and support victims and witnesses

Question 13

Where does most of the funding for the CPS come from and how much is their budget?

Answer 13

Government, budget of around half a billion pounds a year

Question 14

What was reported in 2018 by the CPS and who reported it?

Answer 14

Funding cuts, reported by Alison Saunders the then head of the CPS

Question 15

How much had the budget of the CPS fallen by in 2018?

Answer 15

Budget had fallen by 25%, lost 1/3 of staff

Question 16

How many regional teams of the CPS are there?

Answer 16

14 regional teams (e.g. Greater Manchester, West Midlands), headed by a Chief Crown Prosecutor

Question 17

How does the CPS working practices achieve social control?

Answer 17

24/7 means crime can be efficiently dealt with, specialist units/regional forces allow all crime to be dealt with, make decisions in public interest, reinforce social boundaries and norms

Question 18

What two tests do the CPS use to decide whether to prosecute an offender?

Answer 18

The Full Code Test (evidential and public interest) and the Threshold Test

Question 19

Describe the Full Code Test

Answer 19

Evidential- must be admissible, physical or testimonial, properly obtained, reasonable prospect of conviction (Rochdale Grooming Gang)
Public Interest- Impact, abuse of power?, pre-meditated, age of victim/offender (Wayne Couzens)

Question 20

Describe the Threshold Test

Answer 20

Used when there is high public interest but not enough evidence, believed that evidence can be later obtained. Rarely used, used in rape cases

Question 21

Who are the judiciary and how many are there?

Answer 21

Includes all judges in the UK, both superior and inferior judges, 3000 overall

Question 22

What is the philosophy and values of the judiciary and where is this set out?

Answer 22

Guide to Judicial Conduct 2016, independence, impartiality, propiety, ensuring equal treatment, competence

Question 23

Who do judges swear to?

Answer 23

Swear an oath of allegiance to the Queen and Crown, judicial oath to uphold the law fairly

Question 24

What are the aims of judges in the Crown Court?

Answer 24

Ensure a fair trial, pass sentence if found guilty, act as a referee between the prosecution and defence, advise jury on the law, dismiss the jury if biased, direct an acquittal if their is insufficient evidence

Question 25

What are the aims of judges in the Appeal Courts?

Answer 25

Supreme Court, make rulings on appeals from lower courts that are of great public importance, which can mean setting laws and new precedents

Question 26

How are judges salaries decided and what is the range of wages for judges?

Answer 26

Senior Salaries Review Body, salaries range from £110,000-£257,000

Question 27

Why are many lawyers put off from applying to roles as judges?

Answer 27

Top lawyers can earn over £1 million a year, therefore the salary is seen as a step down

Question 28

How can judges be removed?

Answer 28

Can only be removed if demanded by the queen, provides security of the job and pay

Question 29

How many Crown Courts are there in the UK? Give examples

Answer 29

Around 90 in the UK, closest include Manchester and Liverpool

Question 30

Who sits in the Supreme Court?

Answer 30

12 justices, hear appeals of great public importance and make a final decision on cases