AC 2.1 - forms of social control

Question 1

what is social control?

Answer 1

persuading and compelling people to conform to societies norms, laws and expectations.

Question 2

how can society run smoothly?

Answer 2

by people behaving either more or less as society expects them too.

Question 3

what is INTERNAL social control?

Answer 3

control that comes from our behaviour that is derived from beliefs within ourselves, like our personality and values.

Question 4

what are the 7 internal forms of social control?

Answer 4

religion, culture, upbringing, traditions, conscience ( frauds psychoanalytic theory), socialisation, rational ideology.

Question 5

how is religion a form of internal social control?

Answer 5

individuals who follow religious traditions that they have been raised in make them less likely to commit crime.

Question 6

how is culture a form of internal social control?

Answer 6

a culture that an individual is part of becomes a part of them through socialisation.

Question 7

how is upbringing a form of internal social control?

Answer 7

this especially involves parental authority. these have a major influence on why people abide by the law.

Question 8

how is traditions a form of internal social control?

Answer 8

they have conditioned us to know how to behave and not commit crime.

Question 9

how is conscience a form of internal social control?

Answer 9

Freuds psychoanalytic theory says that we conform to societies expectations because our super ego tells us too. it restrains the selfish urges of the ID by telling us what is right and wrong.
this develops through early socialisation.

Question 10

how is socialisation a form of internal social control?

Answer 10

other peoples views become our own. for example, friends family and institutions.

Question 11

how is rational ideology a form of internal social control?

Answer 11

we internalise social rules and use them to decide right and wrong.

Question 12

what is EXTERNAL social control?

Answer 12

society ensuring we follow rules through agencies.

Question 13

what are 6 examples of external social control agencies?

Answer 13

family, peer groups, the education system, the criminal justice system, CCTV, religious leaders.

Question 14

how is coercion a form of external social control?

Answer 14

coercion involves the use of threat or force to make someone do or stop doing something to achieve a desired result.
examples: prison & police.

Question 15

how is fear of punishment a form of external social control?

Answer 15

deterrents of crime put people off committing crime as they fear the result of being punished.

Question 16

what is the operant learning theory and how does it link?

Answer 16

people learn behaviours due to the outcomes they receive.

Question 17

what is a positive sanction?

Answer 17

receiving something good as a result of good behaviour.

Question 18

what is a negative sanction?

Answer 18

something unpleasant being taken away as a result of good behaviour.

Question 19

4 examples of control theories are?

Answer 19

travis Hirschi - bond theory
parenting style
Walter c reckless - containment theory
feminist viewpoints

Question 20

what is travis Hirschi’s theory

Answer 20

he stated that people conform to societies expectations because they’re controlled by their social bonds to society which keep them from deviating.

Question 21

what are Hirschi’s 4 bonds?

Answer 21

involvement, attachment, commitment & beliefs.

Question 22

what is commitment?

Answer 22

if we aim to follow conventional lifestyles like succeeding in education or career, the more we have to lose if we partake in crime.

Question 23

what is attachment?

Answer 23

the more we care about the opinions of others, the more we respect their norms and therefore less likely to break them.

Question 24

what is involvement?

Answer 24

the more we take part in law abiding activities like studying or sports, the less time we have to engage in crime.

Question 25

what is beliefs?

Answer 25

if we have been socialised to believe it is right to obey the law, we are less likely to break it.

Question 26

what is Gottfredson & Hirschi's parenting style theory?

Answer 26

they argued that low self control is a major cause of delinquency. this arises from poor socialisation and inconsistent or absent parental discipline.

Question 27

what is Riley & Shaw's parenting style theory

Answer 27

they found that a lack of parental supervision is an important factor in delinquency. they said that parents should spend more time with teenagers, take an interest into school and friends and also show disapproval of plans.

Question 28

who created the containment theory and what is it?

Answer 28

Walter C Reckless. says that people need a combination of internal and external containment to be prevented from deviating.

Question 29

what is internal containment?

Answer 29

building up self control through socialisation with family and friends and also through upbringing.

Question 30

what is external containment?

Answer 30

containment coming from external pressures such as parental discipline or peer pressures.

Question 31

what is Frances Heidensohn's feminist viewpoint on control?

Answer 31

she argued that a patriarchal society controls women closely which makes them unable to have time for crime. for example; domestic duties.

Question 32

what is Pat Carlen's feminist view on control?

Answer 32

she found that when a women commits crime, they have had often suffered sexual abuse as a child or that they were brought up in care, which made them have struggled to form attachments to their parents.