AC 2

Question 1

2.1 Social Control Theory

Answer 1

Hirschi - importance of social bonds
Identifies 4 bonds of attachment
These bonds broken = crime

Question 2

2.1 4 Bonds

Answer 2

Attachment - Care what others think?

Commitment - What will we lose? (job)

Involvement - Would we have time? (hobbies, sports)

Belief - Do we think its right?

Question 3

2.1 Forms of Social Control

Answer 3

Internal & External

Question 4

2.1 Internal Social Control

Answer 4

Rational ideology: Your conscience feelings of guilt & anxiety

Tradition: Family, religion or social traditions

Internalisation of social rules & morality: what is right & wrong from seeing others

Question 5

2.1 External Social Control

Answer 5

Coercion:
Physical - imprisonment, death penalty injury.
Non-physical - strike, boycott and non-cooperation

Deterrence:
Individual - prevents one person offending. General - scares other people and stops them offending.

Question 6

2.2 Aims of punishment

Answer 6

Retribution - revenge
Reparation - repay
Rehabilitation - fix
Deterrence - avoid
Incapacitation - prevent

Question 7

2.3 Prison

Answer 7

Retribution - Takes freedom away but still get video games

Reparation - Doesn’t pay victim or community (costs to keep them in prison)

Rehabilitation - Doesn’t aim to rehabilitate but some people do

Deterrence - Not very good as re offending rates high

Incapacitation - Does Not actually stop crime just displaces it - crime in prison like stabbing and drugs

Question 8

2.3 Community service

Answer 8

Retribution - Is an inconvenience but considered soft in comparison to prison

Reparation - Pays back communities through unpaid work

Rehabilitation - Drug & alcohol rehab, counselling. Can learn new skills. (depends on commitment)

Deterrence - Some may not want to do it so may avoid crime whilst others may not actually care
Incapacitation - Can still commit crime in free time

Question 9

2.3 Fines

Answer 9

Retribution - Depends on ability to pay it back - rich and poorest people won’t feel it. Others will

Reparation - Underage - parents will likely pay it so offender isn’t paying back

Rehabilitation - Does not rehabilitate

Deterrence - People fined for speeding are likely to avoid speeding again etc.

Incapacitation - Still able to commit crime

Question 10

2.3 Discharge

Answer 10

Retribution - Punishes the offender slightly but is seen as very soft

Reparation - Does Not pay back to society or victim

Rehabilitation - Can rehabilitate good people who are first time offenders but may not work for others

Deterrence - Will deter people from repeat offending as can make their punishment worse

Incapacitation - Tags stop people from committing crime but some people try and get away with it