AC 1.1

Question 1

What is the definition of values?

Answer 1

The basic beliefs that guide the actions of individuals.

Question 2

What is the definition of norms?

Answer 2

The behaviour and attitudes which are considered normal by society.

Question 3

What is the moral code?

Answer 3

Describes a set of basic rules, values and principles held by an individual, group, organisation or society as a whole.

Question 4

What is the police code of ethics?

Answer 4

Set of principles to instruct professionals to act in a way that aligns with set values.

Question 5

What are the 9 policing principles?

Answer 5

Respect, selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty, leadership and fairness.

Question 6

What is deviance?

Answer 6

Actions or identities that differ from group norms but do not break the law.

Question 7

What behaviour is unusual or good?

Answer 7

Delusions, babbling speech, respect, honesty

Question 8

What behaviour is unusual eccentric or bizzare?

Answer 8

Wearing strange clothing, talking to inanimate objects, excessive superstition.

Question 9

What behaviour is bad or disapproved of?

Answer 9

Gossiping, ignoring hygiene, breaking promises, recklessness.

Question 10

What type of deviance is bad or disapproved of?

Answer 10

Something that is forbidden or regarded as unacceptable that involves breaking a rule or norm of some kind.

Question 11

What are forms of deviance?

Answer 11

Deviance can range from extremely serious acts such as rape, murder or arson to something trivial such as queue jumping.

Question 12

What are the two forms of sanctions?

Answer 12

Formal and informal.

Question 13

What are formal sanctions?

Answer 13

Actions taken by government entities to alter the behaviour of individuals and groups in society.

Question 14

What are informal sanctions?

Answer 14

Reminders or mild punishments for violating unwritten agreements. Some of these examples may be shame, ridicule, criticism or disapproval.

Question 15

What is the criminal behaviour definition?

Answer 15

Any law that is forbidden by the criminal law. For the court to consider a defendant’s action to be a crime, the action must have the actus reus and mens rea.

Question 16

What is the actus reus?

Answer 16

Guilty act e.g. murder- killing someone

Question 17

What is the mens rea?

Answer 17

Guilty mind e.g. murder- intention to kill someone.

Question 18

Why is the mens rea not required with strict liability offences?

Answer 18

Summary of less serious offences and there is a larger volume of these crimes.

Question 19

What is the defence of causation which negates the actus reus?

Answer 19

If the consequence is a coincidence or unrelated- you need a DIRECT LINK from the action to the result.

Question 20

Why might the social definition vary?

Answer 20

Religion, public opinion, norms and values and different views.

Question 21

What are formal sanctions?

Answer 21

Punishments put in place by official institutions in response to criminal behaviour.

Question 22

What are custodial sentences and who are they imposed by?

Answer 22

This involves imprisonment, where the offender is held in jail. This is imposed by the court for serious crimes such as robbery and assault.

Question 23

What are community sentences and who are they imposed by?

Answer 23

This requires the offender to perform unpaid work or participate in rehabilitation programs. They are imposed by the court for less serious crimes.

Question 24

What is conditional discharge and who imposes it?

Answer 24

The offender is released without punishment but will face sentencing if another crime is committed within a specific time. this is imposed by the court for minor offences.

Question 25

What is absolute discharge and who imposes it?

Answer 25

The offender is released without punishment as the court determines that formal punishment is unnecessary. This is imposed by the court for minor offences.

Question 26

What are cautions?

Answer 26

There are formal warnings given to offenders by the police for minor crimes, such as vandalism and petty theft. They are recorded but do not result in conviction.

Question 27

What are conditional cautions?

Answer 27

These include requirements that the offender must meet, such as attending rehabilitation programmes or paying compensation.

Question 28

What are penalty notices?

Answer 28

They are issued for minor offences such as littering or traffic violations. Offenders can pay a fine without going to court.

Question 29

What are four implications of Commiting a Criminal Act?

Answer 29

-Exclusion from certain occupations
-Placed on a violent or sexual offenders register.
-Banned from travelling to certain countries.
-Restrictions on adoption, jury service etc.