Abx Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the antibiotics that can cover MSSA?
Cloxacillin, augmentin, pip-tazo, cephalosporins (besides ceftazidime), carbapenems, co-trimoxazole, vancomycin
What are the antibiotics that can cover MRSA
vancomycin, ceftaroline, co-trimoxazole, tigecycline, linezolid, daptomycin
Why is ceftaroline not usually used for MRSA even though it can cover?
Has unnecessary gram neg coverage in addition to the MRSA coverage, therefore only used if needed to cover both MRSA and gram negatives
What are the antibiotics that can cover Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
pip-tazo, ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amikacin (only for UTI)
What are the antibiotics that can cover ESBL producing enterobacterales
carbapenems, gentamicin, amikacin
What are the antibiotics that can cover Amp-C producing enterobacterales?
carbapenems, gentamicin, amikacin
What are the antibiotics that can cover the anaerobes
metronidazole
Bacteroides fragilis: augmentin, pip-tazo, carbapenems
What are the antibiotics that can cover Bacteroides fragilis?
metronidazole, augmentin, pip-tazo, carbapenems
What antibiotics cannot reach the CSF?
1st & 2nd gen cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides, clindamycin
What antibiotics can be used for CSF?
Penicillins, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftazidime, meropenem, vancomycin
What antibiotics are used for prostatitis?
Ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole
Which antibiotics are bactericidal?
- Beta-lactams
- Glycopeptides
- Aminoglycosides
- Fluoroquinolones
Which antibiotics are bacteriostatic?
- Macrolides
- Tetracyclines
- Trimethoprim and sulphonamides
Which antibiotics can chelate w divalent cations?
Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines
Which antimicrobials are affected by acidity for absorption?
itraconazole, ketoconazole
Which antimicrobials can cause QT prolongation?
erythromycin, clarithromycin, fluoroquinolones, azoles
Which antimicrobials can cause nephrotoxicity?
aminoglycosides, vancomycin, amphotericin B, sulfonamides
Which antimicrobials can cause myelosuppression?
co-trimoxazole, linezolid
Which antimicrobials can cause photosensitivity?
sulphonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones
What antimicrobials are avoided in children?
Tetracyclines, Tigecycline, Fluoroquinolones, Sulphonamides, Nitrofurantoin
What antimicrobials are avoided in G6PD?
Sulphonamides, Nitrofurantoin, Fluoroquinolones
What antibiotics are generally safe in pregnancy?
beta lactams, macrolides
What antibiotics are generally cautioned or avoided in pregnancy?
tetracyclines, tigecycline, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin (nearing labour), metronidazole (1st trimester)
Which antimicrobials can cause hepatotoxicity?
tetracyclines, tigecycline, macrolides, azoles, isoniazid, pyrazindamide
Which antibiotics only cover Gram positives?
Vancomycin, cloxacillin, linezolid
