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GI II > Abx for GI > Flashcards

Abx for GI Flashcards

1
Q

Flourorquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

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2
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

bactrim

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3
Q

antiprotozoals

A

metronidazole

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4
Q

others

A

Vancomycin

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5
Q

inflammatory diarrhea

A

Hx- fever, tenesmus, dysentery

confirmed by fecal leukocytes or fecal lactoferrin

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6
Q

other testing

A

bloody diarrhea ->shiga toxin and EHEC
bloddy diarrhea w/travel Hx -> Entamoeba histolytica
recent ingestion of shellfish -> vibrio
hospitalized -> C. diff

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7
Q

mild-moderate dehydration

A

oral rehydration therapy (ORT) superior to IV

has glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, and water

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8
Q

when should you Tx w/Abx

A 
shigellosis
travelers diarrheas when severe or bloody
C. diff
Campylobacteriosis
persistent diarrhea
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9
Q

travelers diarrhea

A

fluoroquinolone
Rfaximin for NIEC
quinilone resistent campylobacter in S. Asia -> azithromycin

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10
Q

C. diff

A

discontinue offending Abx
metronidazole (PO or IV)
if fails or severe infection vacno PO only

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11
Q

glycopeptides

A

vanco

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12
Q

vanco spectrum

A

broad farm pos

all gram neg and mycobacteria resistant

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13
Q

vanco adverse effects

A

macular skin rash, chills, fever, rash
red man syndromeL extreme flushing, tachycardia, hypotension
ototoxic and nephrotoxic

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14
Q

vanco MOA

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

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15
Q

fluoroquinolones MOA

A

targets bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

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16
Q

fluoroquinolones adverse effects

A 
GI
CNS (HA, dizzy, rare hallucinations)
rash
photosensitive
achilles tendon rupture in kids
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17
Q

aminoglycosides MOA

A

binds 30S

18
Q

aminoglycosides adverse rxns

A

ototoxic and nephrotoxic

neuromuscular block and apnea

19
Q

tetracyclines MOA

A

binds 30S

20
Q

tetracyclines adverse effects

A 
GI
C. diff
photosensitive
teeth discoloration
thrombophlebitis
21
Q

macrolides MOA

A

binds reversibly to 50S

22
Q

macrolides

A

azythromycin, erythromycin

23
Q

macrolides adverse effects

A

GI
hepatotoxic
arrhythmia
OT prolongation

24
Q

bactrim MOA

A

inhibits dihyropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase

25
Q

bactrim adverse effects

A

allergic skin rashes, GI, HA, depression, photosensitive, renal dysfunction, stevens-Johnson syndrome
potentiates warfarin

26
Q

when is Tx w/Abx CI

A

EHEC (shigga-like toxin)

salmonella

27
Q

EHEC

A

aka STEC
abx may increase production/release of toxin
abx may increase hemolytic-uremic syndrome

28
Q

salmonella

A

abx may increase fecal shedding of pathogen

exception if patient immunocompromised to prevent bacteremia

29
Q

idoquinol MOA

A

unknown

only effective for luminal organisms

30
Q

indoquinol uses

A

adjunct to metronidazole for amebiasis

31
Q

indoquinol ADRs

A

infrequent GI, HA, rash, pruitis, taken w/food
increase serum iodine (CI in iodine allergies)
use with caution with optic neuropathy, renal or thyroid disease, or nonamebic hepatic disease

32
Q

nitazoxanide MOA

A

inhibits pyruvate-ferredoxin oxireductase pathway

33
Q

Nitrazoxanide uses

A

cryptosporidium
alternative to metronidazole in giardia
metronidazole resistant protozoa

34
Q

paromomycin

A

aminoglycoside
30S, but only luminal
acute and chronic intestinal amebiasis
cryptospordium

35
Q

paromomycin ADRs

A

occasional GI

accumulate in renal insufficiency

36
Q

albendazole

A

broad spectrum anti-helminthic

37
Q

albendazole MOA

A

inhibits microtubules synthesis

38
Q

albendazole PK

A

taken with fatty meal or tissue parasite, but on empty stomach for GI parasite

39
Q

rifaximin uses

A

luminal only
prevention of hepatic encephalopathy
travelers diarrhea cased by NIEC
IBS, and C. diff

40
Q

fidaxomicin

A

macrolide
inhibits RNA polymerase
used for C. diff

41
Q

fidaxomicin ADRs

A

GI

hypersensitivity rxns

GI II (2 decks)

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