ABX and MOA stuff Flashcards
What are the beta lactams?
PCN’s and Cephalosporins (except Vancomycin)
What abx are water soluble.
PCN (except for nafcillin)
Are protein synthesis inhibitors bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
Bacteriostatic (except for aminoglycosides)
All cocci are gram ?
Positive (but for neisseria)
All bacilli are gram ?
Negative (but for A,B,T,D or anthrax, botulism, tetanus, and diphtheria)
What abx are used for intracellular bacteria?
Tetracyclines, macrolides.
What abx do you want to avoid using with pregnancy? FATS
Fleuroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, Sulfonamides
Which drugs are most associated with C. Diff (pseudomembranous colitis)? Think “C”
Clindamycin, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin
What other class of abx should you avoid if a pt has a PCN allergy?
Cephalosporins
What drugs are bacteriostatic? ECSTaTIC
Erythromycin, clindamycin, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol
What drugs are bactericidal? Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder
Vancomycin, fleuroquinolones, penicillins, aminoglycocides, cephalosporins, metronidazole
Gram + cocci include…
Staph and strep
Gram - cocci include…
Coxiella, rickettsia, neisseria, gonorrhea
Gram + rods include…
Corynebacterium, listeria, bacillus, actinomyces, nocardia, clostridium
Gram - rods include…
Bordetella, pseudomonas, francisella, brucella, bartonella, helicobacter, shigella, legionella, enterobacter, yersinia, proteus, haemophilus, salmonella, klebsiella, vibrio, serratia, escherichia, bacteroides
Vancomycin
G+
Clindamycin
G+, anaerobes
Amoxicillin/ampicillin
G+, weak G-
Augmentin/unasyn
G+, anaerobes, G-
Nafcillin
G+
Zosyn
G+, anaerobes, G-, PSEUDOMONAS
Carbapenems
G+, anaerobes, G-, PSEUDOMONAS (except ernepenem)
Fleuroquinolones
G+, weak anaerobes, G-, weak PSEUDOMONAS
1st gen ceph - cephalexin, cefazolin
G+, weak G-
3rd gen ceph - cephtriaxone, cefdinir
G+, G-, PSEUDOMONAS
Bactrim
G+, G-
Metronidazole
Anaerobes
Aminoglycocides
G-, PSEUDOMONAS
Tetracyclines
G+, weak anaerobes, G-, ATYPICALS
Macrolydes
G+, weak G-, ATYPICALS
Treatment for legionella
Azithro or Fluoroquin
Flu treatment
Oseltamavir
Pneumocystitis pneumonia treatment
Bactrim
Pertussis treatment
Erythromycin (macrolide)
Sarcoidosis
Corticosteroid
alpha 1` antitrypsin deficiency
Prolastin
chlamydial pneumonia
Erythro (macrolide) or doxy (tetracycline)
Alpha 1 blockers. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?
Zosins. They stop alpha 1 and RELAX PROSTATE and BLADDER NECK. Used for BPH
Alpha 1 agonists. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?
Alpha 1 vasoconstriction. (think sudafed). Decongestant
Alpha 2 agonists. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?
Clonidine and methyldopa. Stimulates A2 receptors which DECREASES SNS activity. Given in HTN. Side effects are dry mouth, sedation, fatigue.
Beta 1 receptor agonists. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?
Dopamine and dobutamine. This works as an INOTROPE (contractility) on the heart as well as the kidneys to secrete renin and increase renal blood flow. Give with severe CHF.
Beta 2 agonists. What are they? How do they work? What do you use them for?
Albuterol, terbutaline, salmeterol, metaproterenol. Beta 2 receptor stimulation which RELAXES BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE and UTERINE RELAXATION. Use with asthma and COPD. Terbutaline is good to slow premature labor AND help with priapism!!!
Beta blockers. Which are the B1 only? B1 and B2?
B1 only are Atenolol, Metoprolol (most cardio selective), esmolol. B1 and B2 are propanolol, nadolol, sodalol. A1 and B1/2 are labetalol and carvedilol. Use caution with DM as it can block hypoglycemia.
