Abx Flashcards
Cefazolin
Cefazolin
Class: 1st generation cephalosporin
MOA:
Binds to PCN binding proteins during bacterial proliferation and inhibits transpeptidases, activates autolysins - leads to cell death. These are bacteriacidal .
Used commonly for peri-operative prophylaxis, to prevent endocaridits, and with joint surgery. also have beta-lactam ring like PCNs.
Pk:
PB: 80% - high
E1/2T: 2 hours
metabolized in the liver and excreted 80-100% unchanged in urine.
Dose:
1-2 g IV 30 minutes pre-op
SE:
N/V/Diarrhea
Hypersensitivity -10%
1% cross sensitivity with PCN anaphylaxis
rash
Hemolytic anemia
thrombophlebitis
C/I:
Hypersensitivyt
decrease does in renal failure
ETOH - concurrent = antabuse
POTENTIATES the effect of warfarin
Vancomycin
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide Abx
MOA:
Depletes bacterial cell wall of precursor supplies, alters cell wall permeability and impairs RNA synthesis.
Used commonly in cardiac, ortho surgeries, and CSF/shunt infections.
Pk:
Peak: 60 minutes
E1/2t: 6 hours
metabolized in liver and excreted 80-90% in kidney unchanged, can take up to 9 days in renal failure.
dose:
1 gram in 250 mL NS over 1 hour
SE:
VANCOMYCIN IS HISTAMINE RELEASING
rapid IV infusion - hypotension
redman syndrome
N/V/diarrhea
Oto and nephrotoxicity - esp with aminoglycosides
thrombocytopenia
potentiates NMB
C/I
hypersensitivity
hearing loss
renal failure
Metronidazole
Metronidazole
Class; Synthetic abx and anti-protozoal agent
MOA:
Bacteriacidal agent, is broken down and activated by bacteria to form toxic compounds that bind to bacteria and damage it.
Used to tx CSF infxns and anaerobic pelvic/abdominal infxns.
pk:
E1/2T: 8 hours
PB: <20%
Metabolized by liver and eliminated 70% unchanged in urine/feces
Dose:
500 mg IV over 10-20 minutes
SE:
n/V/Diarrhea
Rash
hypersensitivity
optic/perpiheral neuropathy
caution in seizure hx / CHF
neutropenia
flu-like symptoms
C/I:
caution in seizure hx. / CHF
potentiates WARFARIN
