ABX Flashcards
1
Q
Aminoglycocides
A
- narrow spectrum (G- and certain G+)
- disrupt protein synthesis
- Parentally-serious infections-meningitis, perionitis
- nephrotoxic (reversible)
- ototoxic (irreversible)
- neuromuscular blockade (antidote=calcium gluconate)
- measure peak/trough
- not with myesthemia gravis
- amikacin
- gentamicin
2
Q
Vancomycin
(glycopeptide)
A
- cell wall synthesis
- narrow spectrum
- staph infections! MRSA
- ototoxic/nephrotoxic
- administer at equal intervals around the clock
- VRE, VRSA
- Redman Syndrome (from giving it too fast)
3
Q
Penicillins
A
- use:syphilis, gas gangrene, rheumatic heart disease, pneumonia, anthrax, septicemia, meningitis
- Narrow spectrum=penG, penV
- cell wall
- broad spectrum=ampicillin, amoxicillin, augmentin
- allergenic (also cephalosporins, carbapenems)
- Epi is antidote
- Don’t mix in IV with amionglycosides (deactivates them)
- augmentin, penG
- se-candidasis, GI distress, rash
4
Q
Augmentin
(penicillin)
A
- combo of amoxicillin + clavunate potassium (a beta-lactamase inhibitor)
- broad spectrum
- drug interactions-amoxicillin, warfarin, contraceptives
- nephrotoxic
5
Q
*Benzathine Penicillin G
A
- IM/IV
- syphilis, rheumatic fever, strep, pneumococcal infections
- bone marrow depression
- glomerulonephritis
6
Q
Fluroquinolones
A
- inhibits DNA
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- broad spectrum-not anaerobic
- respiratory, urinary, GI, bone, joint, skin, soft-tissue infections, anthrax
- good tissue penetration (tendons)
- tendon rupture!
- avoid antacids, Fe supps, dairy for at least 2 hrs
- caution with theophylline
- admin IV over 60 minutes
- photosensitive
- avoid in children under 18, PG
- GI upset
7
Q
Macrolides/lincosamides
A
- suppress protein synth
- erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin)
- Clindomycin
- staph, strep, rickettsia
- S/E-C.diff, nvd, abd pain, vaginitis, Stevens Johnson, superinfection
- AST/ALT, resp rate
- take with food to reduce GI symptoms
8
Q
Nitromidazoles
A
- parasites and bacteria with flagella
- metronidazole (Flagyl)
- trichomoniasis, salmonella, amebiasis, Cdiff, giardiasis, antibiotic assoc colitis, H.pylori
- NOT with alcohol (disulram-like rxn)
- empty stomach
- darkens urine
- s/e headache, dry mouth, fatigue, metallic-bitter taste, GI distress
9
Q
Tetracyclines
A
- broad spectrum
- bacteriostatic-bacteriocidal (large dose)
- second-line for bacteria resistant to first line
- chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, rocky mtn spotted fever, typus, acne, H.pylori, mycoplasma pneumonia, periodontal disease
- se:hepatodysfunction, NOT for PG or under 8, nvd, superinfection
- staining of teeth
- photosensitivity
- empty stomach, wait 2 hr for dairy, antacids, Fe,
10
Q
UTI meds
A
- trimethoprin/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)-first line
- nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)-broad spectrum (G+/G-)
- phenazopyridine (Pyridium)-analgesic
11
Q
Bactrim
A
- first line for UTI
- se-nvd, hetpatitis, c.diff, renal failure, S.J., SLE, anemias
- nurse-renal studies, blood dyscrasisas
- full glass of water (prevent crystalluria)
- empty stomach
- photosensitive
- use alternative contraception
12
Q
Nitrofurantoin
A
- UTIs
- broad spectrum(G+/G-)
- damages bacterial DNA-bacteriocidal/static
- admin with food or milk
- dizziness, headache, anemias, bundle branch block, hepatotoxic-jaundice, cdiff, pancreatitis, hepatitis, S.J., super infection
- CBC, LFT, pulmonary function,
- avoid alcohol
- may affect blood glucose
- may turn urine rust-yellow to brown
13
Q
Take with Food
A
- Pyridium (UTIs)
- Clindamycin
14
Q
Empty Stomach
A
- Bactrim (UTI)/full glass of water
- Flagyl
- Tetracyclines
- Erythromycin
- Bisphonates
- INH
- rifampin
15
Q
Photosensitive
A
- Tetracyclines
- fluroquinolones (Cipro)
- Sulfonamides (Bactrim)
- PZA
