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Pharm 2 > Abx > Flashcards

Abx Flashcards

1
Q

Are there more gram + or - in oral flora normally?

A

Gram +

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2
Q
  • Bulk of oral bacteria
  • Primarily cocci or irregular shape (pleomorphic)
  • Oxygen tolerance varies from facultative anaerobes to strict anaerobes
  • Cell wall has thick peptidoglycan layer
A

Gram +

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3
Q
  • facultative anaerobe; periodontal pockets, dental plaques, on carious teeth
A

Actinomyces

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4
Q
  • facultative anaerobe; produce lactic acid; role in dentine caries rather than
    enamel caries
A

Lactobacillus

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5
Q

facultative anaerobic cocci; produce lactic acid some implicated in caries

A

Streptococcus -

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6
Q
  • Antagonistic to periodontal
    pathogens
  • Predominate in a clean,
    healthy mouth
A

Strep viridans

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7
Q
  • Many of these bacteria found in the mouth, especially in established/subgingival
    plaque
  • Range of oxygen tolerance but most important strict or facultative anaerobes
  • Some fermentative, produce acids which other organisms use acids as an energy source,
    others produce enzymes which break down tissue
  • Cell wall different to Gram positive with a thin peptidoglycan layer, has B-lactamase
    which breaks down penicillin, also has LPS/endotoxin
A

Gram -

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8
Q

What abx is great against gram +?

A

Penicillin

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9
Q

What abx is great against gram + and -?

A

Augmentin

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10
Q

What abx is great against only anaerobes/gram -?

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

What is the main way antibiotic resistance occurs with clindamycin?

A

Efflux pumps

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12
Q

– Arrests growth of organism
* Must have active immune system

A

Bacteriostatic

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13
Q

– Kill the organism
* Neutropenic, Meningitis, Endocarditis

A

Bactericidal

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14
Q

Are these cidal or static?
* Cell Wall Inhibitors
*Beta Lactams
*Penicillins
*Cephalosporins
*Inhibit DNA
*Fluoroquinolones
*Metronidazole

A

Cidal

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15
Q

Are these cidal or static?
* Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
– Macrolides
– Clindamycin
– Doxycycline

A

Static

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16
Q
  • Bacterial suppression after antibiotic concentrations fall below MIC
A

*Post-antibiotic effect

17
Q

For a time dependent killing, is frequency of dosing or amount of abx given more important?

A

Frequency of dosing

18
Q

If symptoms are in low risk category (rash, itching, hives), is it okay to give drug safely?

A

Yes

19
Q

What is MOA of b-lactam abx (pen, ceph, carbapenems)?

A

Bind to pen binding protein in bacterial cell wall

20
Q

Are b lactams cidal or static?

A

cidal

21
Q

What is the compound added to b lactam ring to disable b lactamases to make abx effective again?

A

Clavulonate

22
Q

Is there more diahrrea in augmentin or pen/amox?

A

Augmentin

Pharm 2 (12 decks)

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