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Pharm Test 5 (mine) > Abx 1 > Flashcards

Abx 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Suppresses bacterial cell proliferation

Does not cause cell death (host immune system does so)

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2
Q

Bactericidal

A

Direct bacterial cell death

Concentration or time dependent

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3
Q

Acquired Resistance to Abx

A

Loss of Abx responsiveness due to change in microbe

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4
Q

Mechanism of acquired resistance

A

Vertical transfer- random changes in bacterial DNA gradually developing
Horizontal transfer- transfer of plasmid DNA from cell to cell by direct contact

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5
Q

Acquired resistance:

A
  • Induction of bacterial drug-metabolizing enzymes or efflux transporters
  • Decreased expression of drug uptake transporters
  • Change in microbial receptor decreasing binding affinity
  • Increased synthesis of compounds that antagonize Abx action
  • Can occur in general population or individual therapy
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6
Q

Superinfection

A

New infection occurring during treatment of a primary infection

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7
Q

Clostridium difficile

A
  • Most common infectious cause of healthcare associated diarrhea
  • Cause pseudomembranous colitis & death 2 months s/p treatment
  • Highest risk with clindamycin, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones
  • Sx not controlled with antidiarrheal agents
  • Tx with Metronidazole (1st) or Vancomycin (2nd choice)
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8
Q

Host factors

A

Condition of immune system
Location of infection
Renal and hepatic function

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9
Q

Drugs to decrease in patients with Decreased Kidney Function

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Vancomycin
  • Cephalosporings (1 & 2)
  • Sulfonamindes/Trimethoprim
  • Extended spectrum Penicillins
  • Carbapenems
  • Ethambutol
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10
Q

Drugs to decrease in patients with Decreased Liver Function

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Macrolides
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Tetracylcines
  • Metronidazole
  • Isoniazid
  • Rifampin
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11
Q

Pregnancy Category D

A

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

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12
Q

Placental transfer of Abx

A
  • Aminoglycosides ototoxicity in fetal development

- Sulfonamide induced kernicterus in nursing infants

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13
Q

Bactericidal Agents

A
  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Beta-lactams
  3. Daptomycin
  4. Fluoroquinolones
  5. Isoniazid
  6. Metronidazole
  7. Polymyxins
  8. Pyrazinamide
  9. Rifampin
  10. Vancomycin
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14
Q

Bacteriostatic Agents

A
  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Ethambutol
  4. Macrolides
  5. Oxazolidinones
  6. Sulfonamides
  7. Tetracyclines
  8. Trimethoprim
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Pharm Test 5 (mine) (3 decks)

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