Abused substances PSYCH Flashcards
Tolerence
Diminished effect of a drug over time
Withdrawl
Physiological adaptation due to chronic exposure upon abrupt discontinuation or dosage reduction
3 big classes of opiods
- Morphine/codeine
- Heroin
- Synthetic Opioids (Oxycodone & hydrocodone)
Effect of all opiods
- Miosis
- Hypotension
- Warm skin
- pruritus
- Sleepy
- Bradycardia
- Euphoria
- Floating
Only opiod not to cause miosis
Demerol (dilation)
Opioid overdose signs
- Miosis, coma & respiratory depression
- Pulmonary edema
- Seizures
Treatment for opioid overdose
Narcam
Early signs of opioid withdrawl
- Yawning
- Rhinorrhea & lacrimation
- Sweating
- Anxiety & doom
- Heroin has fastest onset of withdrawal
Middle signs of opioid withdral
- Dilated pupils
- Restless sleep
- Anorexia
- Irritability & tremor
Late signs of opioid withdral
- Increase HR & BP
- Nausea, vomiting & diarrhea
- Depression
- Bone pain
- Weakness
Two drugs for opioid withdrawl
- Methadone
2. Buprenorphine/Suboxone
Methadone
- recptor
- half life (long or short)
- Organ of accumution?
- Onset (quick or slow)
- Full mu agonist
- Long half life
- Stored & accumulated in the liver and releases slowly
- Delayed onset of action
Buprenorphine
- receptor
- What is suboxone?
- Partial opioid agonist
* Buprenorphine & naloxone
How is buperenorphinegive and why?
• Poor oral bioavailability to take sublingually
Role of naloxone in suboxone
Blunts the high achieved
Relationship between codeine & morphine
Difference between the way codeine & morphine are taken?
- Codeine is metabolite of morphine
- Codeine is PO only unlike morphine
- Codeine has higher oral bioavailability
Heroin
- Soluble in ?
- Potency compared to morphone
- Active metabolites
- Rate of withdrawl compared to other drugs
- Lipid soluble & enter BBB
- 2 X potent as morphine
- Short half life
- Heroin is prodrug active particles: 6MAM and MS
- opioid receptors
- Use is increasing
- Fastest withdrawal
Synthetic Opiods
- Name 2
- Which is most effective against pain relief
- Which has longer onset
- Age most effected
- Oxycodone & hydrocodone
- Oxycodone
- Oxycodone has longer onset but longer half-life compared to hydrocodone
- Oxycodone has active metabolites
- Preferred by young drug users
- opioid receptors
Name 2 stimulants
Cocaine & Methamphetamine
+ Effects of stimulants
Alertness Euphoria Energy Self-confidence & sexuality Minor withdrawal Euphoria
- Effects & withdrawal effects of cociane
• CNS stimulation: anxiety, paranoia • Tachycardia & elevated BP • Vasoconstriction *MI & stroke) Prolonged Use • Decrease dopamine receptors & transported Pulmonary effects from smoking
- symptoms or stimulant use of amphetamine
• Hypomania & grandiosity • Insomnia • Irritability • Violent behavior • Elevated ER, BP, RR and tremor Prolonged Use • Decrease dopamine receptors & transported • Pulmonary effects from smoking
Withdrawl of amphetamine
Depression Suicidal ideation Carbohydrate craving Dementia impaired learning & memory Rhabdomyolysis Periodontal disease
Difference between cocaine & methaphetamine on recptor - also name receptor
Cocaine : Block dopamine
Mthamphetamine: Encourages D release
