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Year II Pharmacology > Abused substances PSYCH > Flashcards

Abused substances PSYCH Flashcards

1
Q

Tolerence

A

Diminished effect of a drug over time

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2
Q

Withdrawl

A

Physiological adaptation due to chronic exposure upon abrupt discontinuation or dosage reduction

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3
Q

3 big classes of opiods

A
  1. Morphine/codeine
  2. Heroin
  3. Synthetic Opioids (Oxycodone & hydrocodone)
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4
Q

Effect of all opiods

A
  • Miosis
  • Hypotension
  • Warm skin
  • pruritus
  • Sleepy
  • Bradycardia
  • Euphoria
  • Floating
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5
Q

Only opiod not to cause miosis

A

Demerol (dilation)

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6
Q

Opioid overdose signs

A
  • Miosis, coma & respiratory depression
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Seizures
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7
Q

Treatment for opioid overdose

A

Narcam

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8
Q

Early signs of opioid withdrawl

A
  • Yawning
  • Rhinorrhea & lacrimation
  • Sweating
  • Anxiety & doom
  • Heroin has fastest onset of withdrawal
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9
Q

Middle signs of opioid withdral

A
  • Dilated pupils
  • Restless sleep
  • Anorexia
  • Irritability & tremor
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10
Q

Late signs of opioid withdral

A
  • Increase HR & BP
  • Nausea, vomiting & diarrhea
  • Depression
  • Bone pain
  • Weakness
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11
Q

Two drugs for opioid withdrawl

A
  1. Methadone

2. Buprenorphine/Suboxone

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12
Q

Methadone

  • recptor
  • half life (long or short)
  • Organ of accumution?
  • Onset (quick or slow)
A
  • Full mu agonist
  • Long half life
  • Stored & accumulated in the liver and releases slowly
  • Delayed onset of action
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13
Q

Buprenorphine

  • receptor
  • What is suboxone?
A
  • Partial opioid agonist

* Buprenorphine & naloxone

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14
Q

How is buperenorphinegive and why?

A

• Poor oral bioavailability to take sublingually

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15
Q

Role of naloxone in suboxone

A

Blunts the high achieved

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16
Q

Relationship between codeine & morphine

Difference between the way codeine & morphine are taken?

A
  • Codeine is metabolite of morphine
  • Codeine is PO only unlike morphine
  • Codeine has higher oral bioavailability
17
Q

Heroin

  • Soluble in ?
  • Potency compared to morphone
  • Active metabolites
  • Rate of withdrawl compared to other drugs
A
  • Lipid soluble & enter BBB
  • 2 X potent as morphine
  • Short half life
  • Heroin is prodrug active particles: 6MAM and MS
  •  opioid receptors
  • Use is increasing
  • Fastest withdrawal
18
Q

Synthetic Opiods

  • Name 2
  • Which is most effective against pain relief
  • Which has longer onset
  • Age most effected
A
  • Oxycodone & hydrocodone
  • Oxycodone
  • Oxycodone has longer onset but longer half-life compared to hydrocodone
  • Oxycodone has active metabolites
  • Preferred by young drug users
  •  opioid receptors
19
Q

Name 2 stimulants

A

Cocaine & Methamphetamine

20
Q

+ Effects of stimulants

A 
Alertness
Euphoria
Energy 
Self-confidence & sexuality
Minor withdrawal
Euphoria
21
Q
  • Effects & withdrawal effects of cociane
A 
•	CNS stimulation: anxiety, paranoia
•	Tachycardia & elevated BP
•	Vasoconstriction *MI & stroke)
Prolonged Use
•	Decrease dopamine receptors & transported
Pulmonary effects from smoking
22
Q
  • symptoms or stimulant use of amphetamine
A 
•	Hypomania & grandiosity
•	Insomnia
•	Irritability
•	Violent behavior
•	Elevated ER, BP, RR and tremor
Prolonged Use
•	Decrease dopamine receptors & transported
•	Pulmonary effects from smoking
23
Q

Withdrawl of amphetamine

A 
Depression
Suicidal ideation
Carbohydrate craving
Dementia impaired learning & memory
Rhabdomyolysis
Periodontal disease
24
Q

Difference between cocaine & methaphetamine on recptor - also name receptor

A

Cocaine : Block dopamine

Mthamphetamine: Encourages D release

25
Q

Positive effects of D. Marijuana

A

Well-being, relaxation
Altered consciousness & perceptions
Sexual disinhibition
Self-medication (anxiety, pain, MS & HIV wasting syndrome)

26
Q
  • effects of marijuana
A
  • Irritability
  • Anorexia
  • Physical discomfort
  • Insomnia
  • Restlessness
  • Psychomotor impairments
  • Reversed by THC • “Gateway drug”
27
Q

Which compound produces the high in marijuana

A
  • Lipid soluble

* THC is compound that can produce a high

Year II Pharmacology (14 decks)

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