Abu Bakr Caliphate Flashcards
Al Aswad al Ansi
- leader of Ansi tribe in Yemen
- al aswad “black man”
- veiled Prophet to create mystery
- soothsayer and magician
- during Prophets (SAW) last years he claimed himself a prophet and convinced people through his magic as ‘miracles’
- Invaded Najran and yemen
- killed Shahr (ruler of yemen) and forcibly married his widow
- defeated by Firuz al Dhalaymi a day before Prophet(SAW) death
- Al Aswads followers reunited under Qais bin Abd Yaghus
- also defeated by Firuz and surrendered
Sajah bint Haris
- Arab christian from Taghlib tribe
- protection from hanifa tribe
- followed because her beauty and soothsayer
- After Propet(SAW) death she claimed herself a prophetess
- 4000 of her followers marched to Madina
- did not go forward as they heard of Tulayha defeat by Khalid bin alid
- allied with Musailimah to defeat Khalid & later married him
- Sajahs forces followed by Musailimahs forces (yamama) were defeated
- accepted Islam after Musailimah death
Tulayha bin Khuwaylid bin Nawfal al Asadi
- wealthy leader of Bani Asad & Ghatafan tribes
- warrior who opposed muslim
- 630 he converted to Islam but soon after claimed himself Prophet
- raised a force that was defeated by Khalid bin Walid in the battle of Buzakha
- 632 Tulayha defeated and escapes to Syria
- when Syria was captured he accepted Islam
- fought as a Muslim warrior in battles: Jalula, Qadsiyah & Nihawand against Persians
Expedition to Syria
- Before the Prophet’s (SAW) death an army was sent under Usamah to Syria
- returned due to Prophet(SAW) illness
- Abu Bakr had to decide whether or not to send them
- advised not to as hostile apostatizing tribes surrounded Madina
- Abu Bakr said, “who am I to deny the army of the Prophet? let Madina stand or fall, the khilafat live or perish, the command of the prophet shall be fulfilled”
- The army departed and Abu Bakr ordered them: “do not kill children, women, or the elderly. do not cut fruit-bearing trees and do not molest the monks in the churches”
- Byzantine forces were defeated and offered allegiance to Madina
- strength and unity of Muslims even after the Prophet
Musailimah bin al Kadhab (the Liar)
-belonged to Banu Hanifa in Yamama region
-wealthy and influential
-he visited the Prophet(SAW) during his life and accepted Islam
-when he returned home he claimed himself Prophet and gave many restrictions (1.no Zakat or fasting, 2 less prayers, 3.drinking and adultery permissible)
-wrote to Prophet(SAW) that he was given half of Prophethood
-Prophet(SAW) called him an ‘arch liar’
-Challenged Abu bakrs caliphate
-Battle of Yamama 632 (summary)
1 40000 vs 13000 muslims
2 all generals
3 Washi ul Harb
4 many huffaz died
Compilation of Quran during Abu Bakrs caliphate
-many Huffaz died in Battle of Yamama
-Umar suggested compilation and convinced Abu Bakr as he was hesitant
+“Umar persuaded me until I thought he was right so I agreed”
-Zaid bin Sabit (scribe of divine revalation) appointed head of 20-25 huffaz
+Zaid said, “it would be easier to carry a mountain than compile the Quran”
-collected all written chapters of Quran (on different materials)
-asked other huffaz
-his authentication process
1 verified from those who heard directly from Prophet(SAW)
2 in writing
3 two witnesses
- written in order the Prophet had given
- name Mushaf by Abdullah bin Masood
- given to Abu Bakr
Administration of Abu Bakr
- consultation of eminent companions
- appointed governors for provinces who oversaw everything & Amils (revenue) And Qazi (judges)
- strict action against crime according to Quran & Sunnah
- positions given on merit
- Bait ul Maal & public money
- military cantonments & reserved force & expeditions to Iran, Syria and Palestine
- safeguarded rights of non muslims
- preserved integrity of Islam against apostasy & protected Zakat
- Preservation of Quran
Name the False Prophets
- Al Aswad al Ansi (Al bin Kaab)
- Tulayha bin Khuwaylid bin Nawfal al asadi
- Sajah bin Haris
- Musailimah bin Kaab (liar)/ Musailimah bin habib al hanafi
