Abstract Language

Question 1

Correlation

Answer 1

An association, a relationship. X increases, then Y increases. This relationship is a correlation.

Question 2

Presume

Answer 2

To assume, expect to be true, presuppose

Question 3

Presumption

Answer 3

An idea that is taken to be true, and often used as the basis for other ideas, although it is not known for certain

Question 4

Substantiate

Answer 4

Back up, prove, provide evidence for

Question 5

Unsubstantiated

Answer 5

Means there is no evidence provided for the claim

Question 6

Justify

Answer 6

Show or prove to be right or reasonable

Question 7

Cause

Answer 7

A person or thing that gives rise to something else

Question 8

Effect

Answer 8

The result, the thing that arises from the cause
Cause must precede or come before, the effect

Question 9

Ambiguity

Answer 9

the quality of being open to interpretation
(Usually has a lot to do with equivocation, which is when someone uses a word’s ambiguity to change it’s meaning to support their argument)

Question 10

Preclude

Answer 10

Prevent from happening; make impossible

Question 11

Grounds

Answer 11

the basis, the reason

Question 12

Undermines

Answer 12

Casts doubt upon

Question 13

Sufficient

Answer 13

Adequate, enough

Question 14

Necessary

Answer 14

Needed, required

Question 15

Analogous

Answer 15

Comparable in certain respects, essentially able to be formed into an analogy
Similar: comparable, parallel, similar

Question 16

Conforms

Answer 16

Be similar in form, agree

Question 17

Conformity

Answer 17

A state of consistency

Question 18

Evaluate

Answer 18

Determine the value of

Question 19

Eschew

Answer 19

Avoid, reject

Question 20

Incompatible

Answer 20

Contradictory, can’t go together

Question 21

Prerequisite

Answer 21

Something that is necessary, something you need before you can get something else.

Question 22

Ascertain

Answer 22

Find (something) out for certain; make sure of

Question 23

Posit

Answer 23

put forward as a basis of argument

Question 24

Purportedly

Answer 24

As appears or is stated to be true, though not necessarily so; allegedly
“The photos purportedly show Nina with a lover”

Question 25

Warrant

Answer 25

Justify or necessitate (a certain course of action)

Question 26

Assume

Answer 26

Suppose to be the case, without proof

Question 27

Suppose

Answer 27

Assume something is the case on the basis of evidence or probability but without proof or certain knowledge

Question 28

Inference

Answer 28

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

Question 29

Generalization

Answer 29

a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases.

Question 30

Weak generalization

Answer 30

Is one that uses language like “can” instead of “will”

Question 31

Assume, suppose, presume

Answer 31

Assume is a verb that means to suppose, to take for granted, to take upon, to don, or to undertake. In the shared meaning of “to suppose,” presume is usually used when you suppose based on probability, while assume is used when you suppose without any evidence.