Abstract Language Flashcards
Correlation
An association, a relationship. X increases, then Y increases. This relationship is a correlation.
Presume
To assume, expect to be true, presuppose
Presumption
An idea that is taken to be true, and often used as the basis for other ideas, although it is not known for certain
Substantiate
Back up, prove, provide evidence for
Unsubstantiated
Means there is no evidence provided for the claim
Justify
Show or prove to be right or reasonable
Cause
A person or thing that gives rise to something else
Effect
The result, the thing that arises from the cause
Cause must precede or come before, the effect
Ambiguity
the quality of being open to interpretation
(Usually has a lot to do with equivocation, which is when someone uses a word’s ambiguity to change it’s meaning to support their argument)
Preclude
Prevent from happening; make impossible
Grounds
the basis, the reason
Undermines
Casts doubt upon
Sufficient
Adequate, enough
Necessary
Needed, required
Analogous
Comparable in certain respects, essentially able to be formed into an analogy
Similar: comparable, parallel, similar
Conforms
Be similar in form, agree
Conformity
A state of consistency
Evaluate
Determine the value of
Eschew
Avoid, reject
Incompatible
Contradictory, can’t go together
Prerequisite
Something that is necessary, something you need before you can get something else.
Ascertain
Find (something) out for certain; make sure of
Posit
put forward as a basis of argument
Purportedly
As appears or is stated to be true, though not necessarily so; allegedly
“The photos purportedly show Nina with a lover”
Warrant
Justify or necessitate (a certain course of action)
Assume
Suppose to be the case, without proof
Suppose
Assume something is the case on the basis of evidence or probability but without proof or certain knowledge
Inference
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
Generalization
a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases.
Weak generalization
Is one that uses language like “can” instead of “will”
Assume, suppose, presume
Assume is a verb that means to suppose, to take for granted, to take upon, to don, or to undertake. In the shared meaning of “to suppose,” presume is usually used when you suppose based on probability, while assume is used when you suppose without any evidence.
