Absolutism Vocab

Question 1

Absolutism

Answer 1

A form of government, usually hereditary monarchy, in which the ruler has no legal limits on his or her power.

Question 2

autocrat

Answer 2

a ruler with unlimited power

Question 3

Beard Tax

Answer 3

A tax on those men in Russian who wore beards by Peter the Great as a method of Westernizing Russia. Those who had beards were required to carry a token stating that they had paid their beard tax.

Question 4

Charles V of Spain

Answer 4

a Holy Roman Emperor who attempted to enforce a compromise between Catholics and Protestants; asks German princes to use their power to excommunicate reformers

Question 5

Divine Right

Answer 5

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

Question 6

Edict of Nantes

Answer 6

document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots

Question 7

Elizabeth I of England

Answer 7

Queen of England, protestant, never married despite many suitors, compromised between Roman and Protestant doctrines, church of England, kept theology, got rid of pope

Question 8

English Civil War

Answer 8

civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I

Question 9

Estates General

Answer 9

An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.

Question 10

Hapsburg Family

Answer 10

Powerful Catholic family that controlled many European states

Question 11

Huguenots

Answer 11

French Protestants

Question 12

Louis XIV of France

Answer 12

Sun King, absolute monarch of France, built Palace of Versailles, revoked Edict of Nantes

Question 13

Magna Carta

Answer 13

the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215

Question 14

Monarchy

Answer 14

A government ruled by a king or queen

Question 15

nation-state

Answer 15

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

Question 16

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 16

English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator.

Question 17

Parliament

Answer 17

A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

Question 18

Peter the Great

Answer 18

(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.

Question 19

Petition of Right

Answer 19

Document prepared by Parliament and signed by King Charles I of England in 1628; challenged the idea of the divine right of kings and declared that even the monarch was subject to the laws of the land

Question 20

Philip II

Answer 20

(1527-1598) King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. Absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter Reformation by persecuting Protestants in his holdings. Also sent the Spanish Armada against England.

Question 21

Roundheads and Cavaliers

Answer 21

These were the two sides of the English civil war. The Roundheads were the Puritan supporters of the Parliament and the Cavaliers were the supporters of Charles I

Question 22

St. Petersburg

Answer 22

Built by Peter the Great of Russia to attract europeans and to get warm water ports.

Question 23

Versailles

Answer 23

A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Question 24

Westernization

Answer 24

An adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western—especially European or American—countries.