Absolute Monarchs, Enlightenment, Revolutions Flashcards
The Fronde
nobles revolted and tried to kill 8 year old Louis; Failed
Louis XIV; Sun King
became king at 5 ; ruled France from 1643-1715
Absolute Monarch
A ruler with complete and total power
Divine Right ; Divine Power
Rulers are chosen and sent to rule by God ; their word is final ; European View of Authority
Absolute Monarch Characteristics
- Divine Power
- all aspects of government
- Control Religion
- No Checks and Balances
Absolute Monarchs time period
1500-1700
The Enlightenment Time Period
1600-1800
The revolutions time period
1700-1850
The Palace of Versailles was…
used to control the nobles by making them busy with work
Louis XIV …
~raises taxes: war money, fund lifestyle, versailles
~ Expanded France
~ Put France in debt
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
took away freedom of religion and made France mainly Catholic
Causes of French Revolution
- ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
- THE ESTATE SYSTEM
- DEBT, POVERTY, FAMINE
- UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION
Tennis Court Oath
3rd estate gets locked out of meeting room and break into indoor tennis court to write DECLARATION OF RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN
Storming of the Bastille
- july 14, 1789
- official start of revolution
- prisoners represented the kings oppression
Post Storming
Louis XVI flees France , is caught, executed by guillotine
Guillotine Causes…
reign of terror ; massive beheadings
LOUIS XVI
- weak leader
- increased debts
- let Marie Antoinette run things
First Estate
~clergy
~exempt from taxes
~held high office
Second Estate
Nobility
Third Estate
~Middle Class
~Faced the highest taxes
Higher taxes + Low wages =
heavy debt; third estate
National debt caused by …
Louis xvi and Louis xiv
Crop failure = bread shortage =
higher prices = hungry / angry people
Estates General
Meeting of the estates ; Three separate rooms
Thomas Hobbes
- believed humans were selfish
- people need an absolute monarchy or strong govt.
- feared civil war
John Locke
- believed government should protect the citizens natural rights
- believed in democracy and consent from citizens
natural rights
Life , Liberty, Property
Voltaire
- believed in freedom of religion, freedom of expression , and separation of church and state
- kicked out of france
- liked the constitutional monarchy
constitutional monarchy
monarch’s power is limited by laws
Elizabeth I of England
- Protestant but allowed catholicism
- defeated the spanish armada
- many wars caused problems on her economy
- favored freedom
Enlightenment
a new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems
Montesquieu
- believed in checks and balances
* separation of powers
Wollstonecraft
•women deserve equality
phillip II of Spain
- defended catholicism
- wealthy
- armada defeated by Elizabeth I
Peter the Great of Russia
•one of Russia’s greatest reformers
Order of the revolutions
Glorious Revolution , American Revolution, French Revolution
Maximilien de Robespierre
Led the reign of terror
led committee of public safety
executed by guillotine
French Revolution supported which idea…?
Hobbes; provide security
England had ___________ colonies in _________________.
13;America
the people in the 13 colonies considered themselves ___________ citizens.
English
the American revolution supported which idea?
Locke; protect freedoms
The American Revolution ends in the set up of a _____________.
Representative Democracy
The glorious revolution lasted how long?
100 years
