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ABSITE Infection > ABSITE-Infection > Flashcards

ABSITE-Infection Flashcards

1
Q

MC organism in SSI

A

Staph aureus

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2
Q

MC organism in VAP and nosocomial PNA

A

Staph aureus

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3
Q

Orgs cause toxic shock syndrome?

A

Staph. aureus, Strep. pyogenes - exotoxin

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4
Q

Orgnism responsible for scalded skin syndrome

A

Staph aureus

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5
Q

What organisms exude an exoslime biofilm?

A

S. aureus and S. epidermidis

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6
Q

What enables Staph aureus to be resistent to PCNs?

A

beta lactamase

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7
Q

How do you treat S. aureas resistant to PCNs?

A

Anti-staph PCN: e.g. oxacillin, dicloxacillin

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8
Q

What makes MRSA resistant to methicillin?

A

Th ePCN binding protein has been altered

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9
Q

What % of pop are carriers of MRSA?

A

20%

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10
Q

What prevalent Staph is coag-? Coag+?

A

Coag-: S. epidermidis. Coag+S. aureus

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11
Q

MC organism inline infections and catheter-related blood stream infections?

A

S. epidermidis

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12
Q

What org. is the most frequent contaminant in blood cultures?

A

S. epidermidis

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13
Q

What infections does Strep pneumoniae cause?

A

PNA, bacteremia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, cellulitis

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14
Q

Give MC organisms responsible for necrotizing fasciitis

A

Strep pyogenes

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15
Q

MC org involved in endocarditis

A

Strep sanguinous

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16
Q

Bugs that cause endocarditis

A

Strep -viridans, -bovis, -sanguinous, -mitis

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17
Q

Enterococcus faecalis is resistant to what class of abx?

A

cephalosporins

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18
Q

What % of population has Enterococcus in the gut?

A

95%

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19
Q

What infections are associated with Enterococcus

A

UTI, bacteremia, endocarditis, diverticulitis

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20
Q

What causes VRE to be resistant to vancomycin?

A

Mutation in cell wall binding protein

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21
Q

Are Clostridia aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Anaerobic

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22
Q

Is Clostridium difficile ever a normal org of the colon?

A

Yes. 5% are carriers

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23
Q

What org causes gas gangrene and emphesematous cholecystitis?

A

Glostridium perfringens

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24
Q

What org causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

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25
Q

What infections do Corynebacteria cause?

A

Endocarditis, line infections, cellulitis, granulomatous mastitis

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26
Q

MC organism in gut

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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27
Q

MC anaerobe in gut

A

Bacteroides fragilis

28
Q

MC organism in anaerobic peritoneal infections

A

Bacteroides fragilis

29
Q

MC facultative GNR in gut

A

E. coli

30
Q

MC organism in UTI

A

E. coli - 90%

31
Q

MC org in biliary tract infec (cholangitis)

A

E. coli

32
Q

MC org in pyogenic liver abscesses

A

E. coli

33
Q

What E. coli type causes food poisoning or HUS?

A

O157:H7

34
Q

MC org in struvite nephrolithiasis

A

Proteus mirabilis

35
Q

What org produces urease?

A

Proteus mirabilis

36
Q

MC lung infection w/ cystic fibrosis?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

37
Q

MC organism in burn wound infections?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

38
Q

MC colonizer of indwelling catheters?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

39
Q

What org produces an alginate mucoid layer?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

40
Q

Why is Pseudomonas aeruginosa difficult to treat?

A

Low abx susceptibility and can undergo acquired resistance during abx tx.

41
Q

What is the best treatment for Acinetobacter baumannii?

A

Carbapenems

42
Q

What org frequently colonizes ETT, trachs and central lines?

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

43
Q

Why is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia difficult to treat?

A

Naturally resistant to many abx, including carbapenems

44
Q

What org is a contraindication to lung transplant in some centers?

A

Burkholderia cepacia

45
Q

What infection is associated with PNA in COPD pts?

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

46
Q

Give # of org and classes of org in: stomach

A

Almost sterile, few GPCs, some yeast

47
Q

Give # of org and classes of org in: proximal small bowel

A

10^5 bacteria, mostly GPCs

48
Q

Give # of org and classes of org in: distal small bowel

A

10^7 bacteria, GPCs, GPRs, GNRs

49
Q

Give # of org and classes of org in: colon

A

10^11 bacteria, 99% anaerobes, few GNRs and GPCs

50
Q

MC bacterial class (e.g. aerobes, anaerobes) in GI tract

A

Anaerobes (e.g. bacteroides, and Clostridium)

51
Q

MC org overall in GI tract

A

Bacteroides fragilis

52
Q

MC anaerobe in colon

A

Bacteroides fragilis (30%)

53
Q

Anaerobes outnumber aerobic bacteria in what proportion?

A

1000:01:00

54
Q

Why do anaerobes require a low O2 environment?

A

They lack superoxide dismutase and catalase - vulnerable to reactive O2 species

55
Q

What is the most potent stimulant for TNF-alpha release

A

Lpid A in LPS (endotoxin) from GNR

56
Q

MC time frame for atelectasis

A

POD 1-2

57
Q

MC time frame for UTI

A

POD 3-5

58
Q

MC time frame for DVT

A

POD 4-6

59
Q

MC time frame for wound infection, medications

A

POD 5-7

60
Q

MC time frame for an abscess to develop

A

POD 7-10

61
Q

What organisms can cause a fever in 48 hours?

A

C. perfringens or group A beta hemolytic strep

62
Q

Define when a nosocomial infection can occur?

A

48 hours after admission or up to 30 days after discharge

63
Q

What % of nosocomial infections can be prevented?

A

35%

64
Q

MC nosocomial infection?

A

UTI

65
Q

What % of nosocomial UTIs are due to E. coli

A

80%

66
Q

What group of pts have the highest risk of developing a nosocomial infect?

A

Burn patients: UTI, VAP, CRBSI

ABSITE Infection (1 decks)

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