ABS

Question 1

nitrates (NO₃⁻)

Answer 1

soluble

Question 2

chlorides (Cl⁻)

Answer 2

soluble (except Ag⁺, Pb²⁺)

Question 3

sulphates (SO₄²⁻)

Answer 3

soluble (except Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺)

Question 4

carbonates (CO₃²⁻)

Answer 4

insoluble (Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺)

Question 5

hydroxides (OH⁻)

Answer 5

insoluble (Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺) (Ca(OH)₂)

Question 6

neutralisation reaction

Answer 6

H⁺ + OH⁻ -> H₂O

Question 7

insoluble product

Answer 7

precipitation

Question 8

soluble product (except Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺)

Answer 8

insoluble base + salt

Question 9

Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺ product

Answer 9

titration

Question 10

Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺

Answer 10

soluble

Question 11

insoluble base + acid

acid + base -> salt + H₂O

Answer 11

add excess base to acid
filter
heat until saturated
crystallise
wash with distilled H₂O
filter
dry (pat/warm oven)

Question 12

titration

acid + alkali -> salt + H₂O

Answer 12

ass alkali and indicator to conical
titrate acid until end point (colour change)
repeat until 3+ concordant results (within 20cm³)
repeat with average titre without indicator
heat, crystallise, wash, filter, dry

Question 13

precipitation

salt + salt -> insoluble salt (precipitate) + salt

Answer 13

add together
filter
wash
dry

Question 14

litmus paper

Answer 14

acid: red
alkali: blue

Question 15

phenolphthalein

Answer 15

acid: colourless
alkali: pink

Question 16

methyl orange

Answer 16

acid: red
alkali: yellow

Question 17

acids

Answer 17

proton donors 
(aqueous source of H⁺)

Question 18

bases (metal oxides, metal hydroxides, ammonia)

Answer 18

proton acceptors

Question 19

alkali

Answer 19

aqueous source of OH⁻

soluble bases

Question 20

strong acid

Answer 20

0-3

Question 21

weak acid

Answer 21

4-6

Question 22

neutral

Answer 22

7

Question 23

weak alkali

Answer 23

8-10

Question 24

strong alkali

Answer 24

11-14