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Performance Directions and Vocabulary > ABRSM theory > Flashcards

ABRSM theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Accelerando (or accel.)

A

Gradually getting quicker

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2
Q

Adagio

A

Slow

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3
Q

Allegretto

A

Fairly quick (but not as fast as allegro)

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4
Q

Allegro

A

Quick (literally ‘cheerful’)

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5
Q

Andante

A

At a medium (‘walking’) speed

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6
Q

Cantabile

A

In a singing style

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7
Q

Crescendo (or cresc.)

A

Gradually getting louder

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8
Q

Da capo (or D.C)

A

Repeat from the beginning

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9
Q

Dal segno (or D.S)

A

Repeat from the dal segno sign

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10
Q

Decrescendo (or decresc.)

A

Gradually getting quieter

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11
Q

Fine

A

The end

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12
Q

f (forte)

A

Loud

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13
Q

ff (fortissimo)

A

Very loud

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14
Q

Legato

A

Smoothly

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15
Q

Lento

A

Slow

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16
Q

Mezzo

A

Half

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17
Q

mf (mezzo forte)

A

Moderately loud

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18
Q

mp (mezzo piano)

A

Moderately quiet

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19
Q

Moderato

A

Moderate speed

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20
Q

p (piano)

A

Quiet

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21
Q

pp (pianissimo)

A

Very quiet

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22
Q

Poco

A

A little

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23
Q

Rallentando (or rall.)

A

Gradually getting slower

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24
Q

Ritardando (or ritard. or rit.)

A

Gradually getting slower

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25
Q

Ritenuto (or riten. or rit.)

A

Held back

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26
Q

Staccato

A

Detached

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27
Q

Tempo

A

Speed, time

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28
Q

>

A

Accent

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29
Q

8va

A

Ottava (octave)

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30
Q

.

A

Staccato

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31
Q

a

A

at, to, by, for, in, in the style of

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32
Q

al, alla

A

to the, in the manner of

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33
Q

Allargando

A

Broadening (getting a little slower, and probably a bit louder)

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34
Q

Adantino

A

Slightly faster than Andante (but may also mean slightly slower)

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35
Q

Assai

A

Very

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36
Q

Con, col

A

With

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37
Q

Dolce

A

Sweet, soft

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38
Q

e, ed

A

And

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39
Q

Espressivo

A

Expressive

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40
Q

fp (=fortepiano)

A

Loud, then immediately soft

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41
Q

giocoso

A

Playful, merry

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42
Q

Grave

A

Very slow, solemn

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43
Q

Grazioso

A

Graceful

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44
Q

Larghetto

A

Rather slow (but not as slow as largo)

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45
Q

Ma

A

But

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46
Q

Maestoso

A

Majestic

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47
Q

Meni

A

Less

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48
Q

Molto

A

Very, much

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49
Q

Mosso, moto

A

Movement

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50
Q

Non

A

Not

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51
Q

Più

A

More

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52
Q

Presto

A

Fast (faster than Allegro)

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53
Q

Senza

A

Without

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54
Q

sf, sfz (=sforzando or sforzato)

A

Forced, accented

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55
Q

Simile (or sim.)

A

In the same way

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56
Q

Sostenuto

A

Sustained

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57
Q

Tenuto

A

Held

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58
Q

Troppo

A

Too much

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59
Q

Vivace, vivo

A

Lively, quick

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60
Q

^ over or under a note

A

An accent, or an even stronger accent

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61
Q

Dots under a slur

A

Semi-staccato, less detached

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62
Q

Wedge under or over a note

A

Staccatissimo (super staccato) and perhaps accented

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63
Q
  • over or under a note
A

Slight pressure on the note (and generally slightly separated)

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64
Q

Con sordini

A

With mutes

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65
Q

Senza sordini

A

Without mutes

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66
Q

Arco

A

Played with the bow

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67
Q

__
‘ ‘ ^ (upside down)
Marks

A

Arco

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68
Q

A slur over notes for a string instrument means…

A

They are to be played with one stroke of the bow.

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69
Q

Pizzicato

A

Plucked

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70
Q

Sul G

A

Play on the G string

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71
Q

Sul ponticello

A

Play near the bridge

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72
Q

Una corda

A

Press the left pedal

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73
Q

Tre corde

A

Release the left pedal

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74
Q
  • Ped. Or P________
A

Press/Release the right pedal

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75
Q

Mano sinistra

A

Left hand

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76
Q

Mano destra

A

Right hand

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77
Q

Affettuoso

A

Tenderly

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78
Q

Affrettando

A

Hurrying

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79
Q

Amabile

A

Amiable, pleasant

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80
Q

Appassionato

A

With passion

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81
Q

Calando

A

Getting softer, dying away

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82
Q

Cantando

A

Singing

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83
Q

Come

A

As, similar to

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84
Q

Facile

A

Easy

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85
Q

Fuoco

A

Fire

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86
Q

Giusto

A

Proper, exact

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87
Q

L’istesso

A

The same

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88
Q

Morendo

A

Dying away

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89
Q

Possibile

A

Possible

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90
Q

Quasi

A

As if, resembling

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91
Q

Sonoro

A

Resonant, with rich tone

92
Q

Sopra

A

Above

93
Q

Sotto

A

Below

94
Q

Veloce

A

Swift

95
Q

Voce

A

Voice

96
Q

Animé

A

Animated, lively

97
Q

Assez

A

Enough, sufficiently

98
Q

Avec

A

With

99
Q

Cédez

A

Yield, relax the speed

100
Q

Douce

A

Sweet

101
Q

En dehors

A

Prominent

102
Q

Et

A

And

103
Q

Légèrement

A

Light

104
Q

Lent

A

Slow

105
Q

Mais

A

But

106
Q

Moins

A

Less

107
Q

Modéré

A

At a moderate speed

108
Q

Non

A

Not

109
Q

Peu

A

Little

110
Q

Plus

A

More

111
Q

Presser

A

Hurry

112
Q

Ralentir

A

Slow down

113
Q

Retenu

A

Held back

114
Q

Sans

A

Without

115
Q

Très

A

Very

116
Q

Un, une

A

One

117
Q

Vif

A

Lively

118
Q

Vite

A

Quick

119
Q

Tr^^^^^^^^

A

Trill

120
Q

Infinity sign

A

Turn

121
Q

/\/\/\/\

A

Upper mordent

122
Q

Squiggly line with a vertical line going through

A

Lower mordent

123
Q

Grace note with a line going through it

A

Acciaccatura

124
Q

Grace note with no line

A

Appoggiatura

125
Q

What clef does the violin use?

A

Treble

126
Q

What clef does the viola use?

A

Alto

127
Q

What clef does the cello use?

A

Bass

128
Q

What clef does the double bass use?

A

Bass

129
Q

Which recorder does not use the treble clef?

A

Bass recorder

130
Q

What is the piccolo designed to do in comparison to the flute?

A

To play every note one octave higher with the same fingering.

131
Q

Does the oboe play at concert pitch?

A

Yes

132
Q

Does the bassoon play at concert pitch?

A

Yes

133
Q

Does the cor anglais play at concert pitch?

A

No

134
Q

Does the clarinet play at concert pitch?

A

No

135
Q

Does the trumpet play at concert pitch?

A

No

136
Q

Does the horn play at concert pitch?

A

No

137
Q

Does the tuba play at concert pitch?

A

Yes

138
Q

Name all of the pitched percussion in the orchestra.

A 
Timpani
Tuned bar/tube instruments
Celesta
Piano
Harpsichord
Clavichord
Virginal
Spinet
139
Q

Name all the unpitched percussion instruments.

A 
Bass drum
Side drum
Tenor drum
Tambourine
Cymbals
Gong
Triangle
140
Q

Attacca

A

Go straight on to the next section of music

141
Q

Dolente

A

Sad, mournful

142
Q

Dolore

A

Grief

143
Q

Doppio movimento

A

Twice as fast

144
Q

Estinto

A

As soft as possible, lifeless

145
Q

Incalzando

A

Getting quicker

146
Q

Lacrimoso

A

Sad

147
Q

Loco

A

At the normal pitch (cancels 8va)

148
Q

Lunga

A

Long

149
Q

Lusingando

A

Coaxing, in a sweet and persuasive style

150
Q

Misura

A

Measure

151
Q

Ossia

A

Or, alternatively

152
Q

Piacevole

A

Pleasant

153
Q

Piangevole

A

Plaintive, in the style of a lament

154
Q

Pochettino, poch.

A

Rather little

155
Q

Rinforzando, rf, rfz

A

Reinforcing

156
Q

Segue

A

Go straight on

157
Q

Smorzando, smorz.

A

Dying away in tone and speed

158
Q

Teneramente

A

Tenderly, tenderness

159
Q

Tosto

A

Swift, rapid (often used in the same sense as troppo)

160
Q

Volante

A

Flying, fast

161
Q

Aber

A

But

162
Q

Ausdruck

A

Expression

163
Q

Bewegt

A

With movement, agitated

164
Q

Breit

A

Broad, expansive

165
Q

Ein

A

A, one

166
Q

Einfach

A

Simple

167
Q

Etwas

A

Somewhat, rather

168
Q

Fröhlich

A

Cheerful, joyful

169
Q

Immer

A

Always

170
Q

Langsam

A

Slow

171
Q

Lebhaft

A

Lively

172
Q

Mässig

A

At a moderate speed

173
Q

Mit

A

With

174
Q

Nicht

A

Not

175
Q

Ohne

A

Without

176
Q

Ruhig

A

Peaceful

177
Q

Schnell

A

Fast

178
Q

Sehr

A

Very

179
Q

Süss

A

Sweet

180
Q

Traurig

A

Sad

181
Q

Und

A

And

182
Q

Voll

A

Full

183
Q

Wenig

A

Little

184
Q

Wieder

A

Again

185
Q

Zart

A

Tender, delicate

186
Q

Zu

A

To, too

187
Q

Adagietto

A

Rather slow (but faster than adagio)

188
Q

Ad libitum, ad lib.

A

At choice, meaning that a passage may be played freely

189
Q

Agitato

A

Agitated

190
Q

Alla breve

A

With a minim beat, equivalent to 2/2, implying a faster tempo

191
Q

Amore

A

Love

192
Q

Amoroso

A

Loving

193
Q

Anima

A

Soul, spirit

194
Q

Con anima

A

With feeling, spirited

195
Q

Animato

A

Animated, lively

196
Q

Animando

A

Becoming more lively

197
Q

Ben

A

Well

198
Q

Brio

A

Vigour

199
Q

Con brio

A

With vigour, lively

200
Q

Comodo

A

Convenient

201
Q

Tempo comodo

A

At a comfortable speed

202
Q

Deciso

A

With determination

203
Q

Delicato

A

Delicate

204
Q

Energico

A

Energetic

205
Q

Forza

A

Force

206
Q

Largamente

A

Broadly

207
Q

Leggiero

A

Light, nimble

208
Q

Marcato, marc.

A

Emphatic, accented

209
Q

Marziale

A

In a military style

210
Q

Mesto

A

Sad

211
Q

Pesante

A

Heavy

212
Q

Prima, primo

A

First

213
Q

Risoluto

A

Bold, strong

214
Q

Ritmico

A

Rhythmically

215
Q

Rubato, tempo rubato

A

With some freedom of time

216
Q

Scherzando, scherzoso

A

Playful, joking

217
Q

Seconda, secondo

A

Second

218
Q

Semplice

A

Simple, plain

219
Q

Sempre

A

Always

220
Q

Stringendo

A

Gradually getting faster

221
Q

Subito

A

Suddenly

222
Q

Tanto

A

So much

223
Q

Tranquillo

A

Calm

224
Q

Triste, tristamente

A

Sad, sorrowful

225
Q

Volta

A

Time

226
Q

Prima volta

A

First time

227
Q

Seconda volta

A

Second time

Performance Directions and Vocabulary (1 decks)

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