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ABRSM Music Theory > ABRSM Grade 1-5 Theory - Terms & Signs > Flashcards

ABRSM Grade 1-5 Theory - Terms & Signs Flashcards

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1
Q

fortissimo (ff)

A

very loud (-issimo means very)

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2
Q

forte (f)

A

loud

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3
Q

pianissimo (pp)

A

very quiet

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4
Q

piano (p)

A

quiet

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5
Q

mezzo piano (mp)

A

moderately quiet

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6
Q

crescendo (cresc.)

A

gradually getting louder

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7
Q

decrescendo (decresc.)

A

gradually getting quieter

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8
Q

diminuendo (dim.)

A

gradually getting quieter

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9
Q

allegro

A

quick

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10
Q

allegretto

A

failry quick (not as quick as allegro)

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11
Q

moderato

A

at a moderate speed

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12
Q

andante

A

at a medium speed - walking speed

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13
Q

adagio

A

slow

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14
Q

accelerando (accel.)

A

gradually getting quicker

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15
Q

rallantando (rall.)

A

gradually getting slower

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16
Q

ritardando (ritard. or rit.)

A

gradually getting slower

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17
Q

a tempo

A

in time (resume the original speed)

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18
Q

cantabile

A

in a singing style

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19
Q

da capo (D.C.)

A

repeat from the beginning

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20
Q

dolce

A

sweet

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21
Q

fine

A

the end (al fine = up to the end)

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22
Q

legato

A

smoothly

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23
Q

staccato (stacc.)

A

detached

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24
Q
A

gradually getting louder (the sign for crescendo)

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25
Q
A

gradually getting quieter (the sign for decrescendo or diminuendo)

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26
Q

<

A

over or under a note - accent the note (play with emphasis)

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27
Q
A

slur, perform smoothly

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28
Q
A

tie; hold for the value of both notes

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29
Q
A

staccato, detached

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30
Q
A

fermata; pause on the note or rest

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31
Q
A

metronome mark; here the number “120” tells us play at a tempo of 120 crotchet beats in a minute

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32
Q
A

repeat the section between the two signs. If the first sign is missing, repeat from the beginning.

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33
Q

fortepiano (fp)

A

loud, then immediately quiet

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34
Q

presto

A

fast (quicker than allegro)

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35
Q

vivace, vivo

A

lively, quick

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36
Q

lento

A

slow (slower than adagio)

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37
Q

largo

A

slow, stately (the same as or slower than lento)

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38
Q

grave

A

very slow, solemn

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39
Q

piÙ mosso

A

more movement, quicker

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40
Q

meno mosso

A

less movement; slower

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41
Q

ritenuto (riten., rit.)

A

getting slower; held back

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42
Q

con moto

A

with movement

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43
Q

allargando

A

broadening

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44
Q

dal segno (D.S.)

A

repeat from the sign

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45
Q

espressivo (espress.)

A

expressive

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46
Q

grazioso

A

graceful

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47
Q

alla marcia

A

in the style of a march

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48
Q

molto

A

very, much

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49
Q

non troppo

A

not too much

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50
Q

poco, poco a poco

A

a little; little by little

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51
Q

col, con

A

with

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52
Q

e, ed

A

and

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53
Q

ma

A

but

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54
Q

meno

A

less

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55
Q

piÙ

A

more

56
Q

senza

A

without

57
Q
A

strong accent (play the note with strong emphasis)

58
Q
A

slightly separated

59
Q
A

staccatissimo (very detached indeed)

60
Q
A

give the note slight pressure

61
Q
A

perform an octave higher

62
Q
A

rest for the number of bars indicated

63
Q
A

first-time bar (in a repeated section, play this bar the first time through)

64
Q
A

second-time bar (in a repeated section, play this bar the second time through)

65
Q

sforzando, sforzato (sf, sfz)

A

forced, accented

66
Q

andantino

A

slighlty faster than andante (but may also mean slightly slower) :-)

67
Q

prestissimo

A

very fast

68
Q

agitato

A

agitated

69
Q

animato

A

animated, lively

70
Q

con forza

A

with force

71
Q

energico

A

energetic

72
Q

giocoso

A

playful, merry

73
Q

leggiero

A

light

74
Q

maestoso

A

majestic

75
Q

marcato (marc.)

A

emphatic, accented

76
Q

pesante

A

heavy

77
Q

risoluto

A

bold, strong

78
Q

scherzando

A

playful, joking

79
Q

semplice

A

simple, plain

80
Q

sostenuto (sost.)

A

sustained

81
Q

tranquillo

A

calm

82
Q

triste, tristmente

A

sad, sorrowful

83
Q

ben

A

well

84
Q

prima, primo

A

first

85
Q

sempre

A

always

86
Q

simile

A

in the same way

87
Q

subito (sub.)

A

suddenly

88
Q

comodo/tempo comodo

A

convenient/at a comfortable speed

89
Q

con brio

A

with vigour, lively

90
Q

larghetto

A

rather slow

91
Q

rubato/tempo rubato

A

with some freedom of time

92
Q

stringendo

A

gradually getting faster

93
Q

affettuoso

A

tenderly

94
Q

amabile

A

pleasant (like the word amiable)

95
Q

appassionato

A

with passion

96
Q

deciso

A

with determination

97
Q

mesto

A

sad

98
Q

misterioso

A

mysterious

99
Q

ritmico

A

rhythmically

100
Q

alla breve

A

with a minim beat

101
Q

assai

A

very (allegro assai - very quick)

102
Q

come prima

A

as before

103
Q

animè

A

animated, lively

104
Q

douce

A

sweet

105
Q

lent

A

slow

106
Q

modèrè

A

at a moderate speed

107
Q

retenu

A

held back

108
Q

vite

A

quick

109
Q

This sign means

A

Trill

110
Q

Which ornament is this?

A

upper mordent

111
Q

Which ornament is this?

A

lower mordent

112
Q

Which ornament is this?

A

turn, or upper turn

113
Q

Which ornament is this?

A

appoggiatura

114
Q

Which ornament is this?

A

acciaccatura

115
Q

a niente

A

to nothing

116
Q

morendo

A

dying away

117
Q

perdendosi

A

dying away

118
Q

rinforzando (rinf., rf, rfz)

A

reinforcing

119
Q

smorzando (smorz.)

A

dying away

120
Q

sotto voce

A

in an undertone (literally under the voice)

121
Q

largamente

A

broadly

122
Q

cantando

A

singing

123
Q

con dolore

A

with grief

124
Q

con spirito

A

with spirit

125
Q

doloroso

A

sorrowful

126
Q

sonoro

A

resonant, with rich tone (like the word sonorous)

127
Q

ad libitum (ad lib.)

A

at choice

128
Q

attacca

A

go straight on (to the next part of the music)

129
Q

quasi

A

as if, resembling

130
Q

langsam

A

slow

131
Q

lebhaft

A

lively

132
Q

mässig

A

at a moderate speed

133
Q

ruhig

A

peaceful

134
Q

schnell

A

fast

135
Q

traurig

A

sad

136
Q
A
137
Q
A

ABRSM Music Theory (3 decks)

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